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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(a) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Filed by the Registrant x

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ¨

Check the appropriate box:

 

¨   Preliminary Proxy Statement
¨   Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
x   Definitive Proxy Statement
¨   Definitive Additional Materials
¨   Soliciting Material Pursuant to § 240.14a-12
CODEXIS, INC.
(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
x   No fee required.
¨   Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.
  (1)  

Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

 

 

   

 

  (2)  

Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

 

 

   

 

  (3)  

Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (Set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):

 

 

   

 

  (4)  

Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

 

 

   

 

  (5)   Total fee paid:
   
   

 

¨   Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
¨   Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.
  (1)  

Amount Previously Paid:

 

 

   

 

  (2)  

Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

 

 

   

 

  (3)  

Filing Party:

 

 

   

 

  (4)  

Date Filed:

 

 

   

 

 

 

 


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LOGO

April 30, 2012

Dear Stockholder:

You are invited to attend the annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Codexis, Inc. (“Codexis,” “we,” “us” or “our”) to be held on Wednesday, June 6, 2012, at 3:00 p.m., California time, at our executive offices at 101 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California.

At this year’s Annual Meeting, you will be asked to:

 

  (i) elect one Class II director to hold office until the 2015 annual meeting of stockholders;

 

  (ii) ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012; and

 

  (iii) transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting.

The accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting and proxy statement describe these matters. We urge you to read this information carefully.

Your board of directors unanimously believes that election of its nominee for director and ratification of the Audit Committee’s selection of our independent registered public accounting firm are in the best interests of Codexis and its stockholders, and, accordingly, recommends a vote “FOR” election of its nominee for director and “FOR” the ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm.

In addition to the business to be transacted as described above, management will speak on our developments of the past year and respond to comments and questions of general interest to stockholders.

It is important that your shares be represented and voted whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting in person. Whether or not you expect to attend the Annual Meeting, please complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as promptly as possible in order to ensure your representation at the Annual Meeting. You may also vote on the Internet or by telephone, and the instructions for doing so are set forth in the enclosed proxy card. Voting by written proxy, over the Internet or by telephone will ensure your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting.

 

Sincerely,
LOGO
Douglas T. Sheehy

Senior Vice President, General Counsel

and Secretary

 

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LOGO

CODEXIS, INC.

200 Penobscot Drive

Redwood City, CA 94063

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON WEDNESDAY, JUNE 6, 2012

To the Stockholders of Codexis, Inc. (“Codexis,” “we, “us” and “our”):

We will hold an annual meeting of our stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) at our executive offices at 101 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California, on Wednesday, June 6, 2012, 3:00 p.m., California time, for the following purposes:

1. To elect Bernard J. Kelley to our board of directors for a three-year term expiring at the 2015 annual meeting of stockholders or until his successor is duly elected and qualified or his earlier resignation or removal.

2. To ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012.

3. To transact any other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting.

These items of business are described in the attached proxy statement. Only Codexis stockholders of record of shares of our common stock at 5:00 p.m., New York time, on April 16, 2012, the record date for the Annual Meeting, are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting.

A list of stockholders eligible to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for inspection at the Annual Meeting, and at the principal executive offices of Codexis during regular business hours for a period of no less than ten days prior to the Annual Meeting.

Your vote is very important. It is important that your shares be represented and voted whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting in person. You may vote by completing and mailing the proxy card enclosed with the proxy statement, or you may grant your proxy electronically via the Internet or by telephone by following the instructions on the proxy card. If your shares are held in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee, you should review the instructions provided to you by that broker, bank or other nominee to determine how you will be able to submit your voting instructions. Submitting a proxy over the Internet, by telephone or by mailing a proxy card, will ensure that your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting.

 

By Order of the Board of Directors,
LOGO
Douglas T. Sheehy

Senior Vice President, General Counsel

and Secretary

The enclosed proxy statement is dated April 30, 2012 and is first being mailed to stockholders on or about May 4, 2012.

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

INFORMATION CONCERNING VOTING AND SOLICITATION

     1   

General

     1   

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials

     1   

Who Can Vote

     1   

Voting of Shares

     1   

Revocation of Proxy

     2   

Voting in Person

     2   

Quorum and Votes Required

     2   

Solicitation of Proxies

     3   

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

     3   

Annual Report

     6   

Assistance

     6   

Forward-Looking Statements

     6   

ITEM 1 ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

     7   

Board Structure

     7   

Director Nominee

     7   

Director Biographical Information

     7   

Board Recommendation on Item 1

     8   

Directors Not Standing for Election

     9   

Director Biographical Information

     9   

Executive Officers

     11   

Executive Officer Biographical Information

     11   

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS

     13   

Composition of the Board of Directors

     13   

Board Leadership Structure

     13   

Board Meetings

     13   

Board Committees

     13   

Risk Oversight

     14   

Director Nominations and Board Diversity

     15   

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

     16   

Communication with the Board

     16   

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

     16   

Director Compensation

     16   

Director Compensation Table

     17   

ITEM 2 RATIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

     18   

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

     18   

Board Recommendation on Item 2

     19   

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

     20   

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

     20   

2011 Summary Compensation Table

     28   

Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2011 Table

     29   

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2011 Fiscal Year-End Table

     30   

Option Exercises and Stock Vested in 2011

     31   

Pension Benefits

     31   

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

     31   

Change in Control Agreements

     31   

 

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     Page  

Equity Compensation Plan Information

     33   

Compensation Committee Report

     33   

AUDIT MATTERS

     34   

Audit Committee Report

     34   

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

     35   

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

     36   

OTHER MATTERS

     36   

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

     36   

Stockholder Proposals and Nominations

     37   

Householding of Proxy Materials

     37   

Incorporation by Reference

     38   

 

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PROXY STATEMENT

INFORMATION CONCERNING VOTING AND SOLICITATION

General

Your proxy is solicited on behalf of the board of directors of Codexis, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Codexis,” “we,” “us” or “our”), for use at our 2012 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held on Wednesday, June 6, 2012, at 3:00 p.m., California time, at our executive offices at 101 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California, or at any continuation, postponement or adjournment thereof, for the purposes discussed in this proxy statement and in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting and any business properly brought before the Annual Meeting. Proxies are solicited to give all stockholders of record an opportunity to vote on matters properly presented at the Annual Meeting.

This proxy statement and accompanying proxy card are first being mailed to stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on or about May 4, 2012.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to Be Held on June 6, 2012

This proxy statement, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December  31, 2011 and the form of proxy card are available on our website at http://www.codexis.com/proxy.

Who Can Vote

You are entitled to vote if you are a stockholder of record of our common stock (or “common stock”) as of the close of business on April 16, 2012. You are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters to be voted upon at the Annual Meeting. Your shares may be voted at the Annual Meeting only if you are present in person or represented by a valid proxy.

Voting of Shares

If, at the close of business on April 16, 2012, your shares of common stock were registered directly in your name with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, our transfer agent, then you are a stockholder of record. As a stockholder of record, you may vote in person at the Annual Meeting or vote by proxy by completing, dating and signing the proxy card that was included with the proxy statement and promptly returning it in the preaddressed, postage paid envelope provided to you, or by submitting a proxy over the Internet or by telephone by following the instructions on the proxy card. If your shares of common stock are held in street name through a broker, bank, or other nominee, you are considered the beneficial owner of those shares and you have the right to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee, who is considered the stockholder of record for the purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting, on how to vote the shares in your account. Your broker, bank or nominee will send you a voting instruction form for you to use to direct how your shares should be voted.

The Internet and telephone voting will close at 11:59 p.m., New York time, on June 5, 2012. If you vote through the Internet, you should be aware that you may incur costs to access the Internet, such as usage charges from telephone companies or Internet service providers and that these costs must be borne by you. If you vote by the Internet or telephone, then you need not return a written proxy card by mail.

YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT. You should submit your proxy even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting. If you properly give your proxy and submit it to us in time to vote, one of the individuals named as your proxy will vote your shares as you have directed.

All shares entitled to vote and represented by properly submitted proxies (including those submitted electronically, telephonically and in writing by 11:59 p.m., New York time, on June 5, 2012) that are received before the polls are closed at the Annual Meeting, and that are not revoked or superseded, will be voted at the

 

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Annual Meeting in accordance with the instructions indicated on those proxies. If no direction is indicated on a proxy, your shares will be voted “FOR” the election of Bernard J. Kelley as our Class II director and “FOR” the ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young LLP (“Ernst & Young”) as our independent registered public accounting firm. The proxy gives each of Peter M. Strumph, Brian P. Dowd and Douglas T. Sheehy discretionary authority to vote your shares in accordance with his best judgment with respect to all additional matters that might come before the Annual Meeting.

Revocation of Proxy

If you are a stockholder of record, you may revoke your proxy at any time before your proxy is voted at the Annual Meeting by taking any of the following actions:

 

   

delivering to our Secretary a signed written notice of revocation, bearing a date later than the date of the original proxy, stating that the original proxy is revoked;

 

   

signing and delivering a new paper proxy, relating to the same shares and bearing a later date than the original proxy;

 

   

submitting another proxy by telephone or over the Internet (your latest telephone or Internet voting instructions are followed); or

 

   

attending the Annual Meeting and voting in person, although attendance at the Annual Meeting will not, by itself, revoke a proxy.

Written notices of revocation and other communications with respect to the revocation of Codexis proxies should be addressed to:

Codexis, Inc.

200 Penobscot Drive

Redwood City, CA 94063

Attn: Secretary

If your shares are held in “street name,” you may change your vote by submitting new voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee. You must contact your broker, bank or other nominee to find out how to do so. See below regarding how to vote in person if your shares are held in street name.

Voting in Person

If you plan to attend the Annual Meeting and wish to vote in person, you will be given a ballot at the Annual Meeting. Please note, however, that if your shares are held in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee, and you wish to vote at the Annual Meeting, you must bring to the Annual Meeting a legal proxy from the broker, bank or other nominee who is the record holder of the shares, authorizing you to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Quorum and Votes Required

At 5:00 p.m., New York time, on April 16, 2012, 36,109,537 shares of our common stock were outstanding and entitled to vote. All votes will be tabulated by the inspector of elections appointed for the Annual Meeting, who will separately tabulate affirmative and negative votes and abstentions.

Quorum. A majority of the outstanding shares of common stock, present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting, will constitute a quorum at the Annual Meeting. Shares of common stock held by persons attending the Annual Meeting but not voting, shares represented by proxies that reflect abstentions as to a particular proposal and broker “non-votes” will be counted as present for purposes of determining a quorum.

 

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Broker Non-Votes. Brokers or other nominees who hold shares of common stock in “street name” for a beneficial owner of those shares typically have the authority to vote in their discretion on “routine” proposals when they have not received instructions from beneficial owners. However, brokers are not allowed to exercise their voting discretion with respect to the election of directors or for any matter that the United States Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) determines to be a “significant matter” without specific instructions from the beneficial owner. These non-voted shares are referred to as “broker non-votes.” If your broker holds your common stock in “street name,” your broker is not entitled to vote your shares on “non-routine” proposals (i.e., of the proposals to be considered at the Annual Meeting, the Election of Directors) without your instruction and will only vote your shares on such proposals if you provide instructions on how to vote by filling out the voter instruction form sent to you by your broker with this proxy statement.

Election of Class II Director. Our bylaws provide that a plurality of votes cast in favor of the election of a director shall be sufficient to elect such director to the board of directors. Under this plurality voting standard, the nominee(s) for available directorship(s) who receive the highest number of affirmative votes cast are elected. Withheld votes will not have any effect on the election of directors. Brokers are not empowered to vote on the election of directors without instruction from the beneficial owner of the shares and thus broker non-votes likely will occur. Since broker non-votes are not considered votes cast for a candidate, they will not have any effect on the election of directors.

Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote is required for the ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young as our independent registered public accounting firm. Abstentions will have the same effect as voting against this proposal. Brokers generally have discretionary authority to vote on the ratification of our independent registered public accounting firm, thus broker non-votes are generally not expected to result from the vote on this proposal.

Solicitation of Proxies

Our board of directors is soliciting proxies for the Annual Meeting from our stockholders. We will bear the entire cost of soliciting proxies from our stockholders. In addition to the solicitation of proxies by mail, we will request that brokers, banks and other nominees that hold shares of our common stock, which are beneficially owned by our stockholders, send Notices of Annual Meeting, proxies and proxy materials to those beneficial owners and secure those beneficial owners’ voting instructions. We will reimburse those record holders for their reasonable expenses.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock as of April 16, 2012 for:

 

   

each person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;

 

   

each of our named executive officers;

 

   

each of our directors; and

 

   

all directors and current executive officers as a group.

Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each beneficial owner listed on the table is c/o Codexis, Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063. We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules promulgated by the SEC. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the tables below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws.

 

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In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we deemed outstanding shares of common stock subject to options or warrants held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 36,109,537 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 16, 2012.

 

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

   Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned
     Percentage of Shares
Beneficially Owned
 

5% Stockholders:

     

Raízen Energia Participações S.A.(1)

     5,573,319         15.43

Biomedical Sciences Investment Fund Pte Ltd(2)

     3,158,522         8.75

Entities and persons affiliated with CMEA Ventures(3)

     3,013,133         8.34

Executive Officers and Directors

     

David L. Anton(4)

     225,400         *   

Brian P. Dowd(5)

     69,335         *   

Joseph J. Sarret(6)

     330,143         *   

Douglas T. Sheehy(7)

     260,344         *   

Peter M. Strumph(8)

     74,895         *   

Robert J. Lawson(9)

     14,000         *   

Alan Shaw(10)

     1,559,577         4.16

Thomas R. Baruch(11)

     3,036,173         8.40

Byron L. Dorgan(12)

     50,000         *   

Alexander A. Karsner(13)

     78,332         *   

Bernard J. Kelley(14)

     133,328         *   

Pedro I. Mizutani

     —           —     

Dennis P. Wolf(15)

     86,664         *   

All current executive officers and directors as a group
(11 persons)

     4,344,614         12.01

 

* Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.

 

(1) Based solely upon a Schedule 13D filed by Raízen Energia Participações S.A. (“Raízen”) on June 7, 2011. The shares are held by Raízen, a joint venture formed between Ispagnac Partipações Ltda (“Ispagnac”) and Cosan S.A. Industria e Comércia (“Cosan S.A.”). Ispagnac is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell plc (“RDS” and together with Ispagnac, the “Shell Group”) and Cosan S.A. is a direct subsidiary of Cosan Limited (“Cosan” and together with Cosan S.A., the “Cosan Group”). The Shell Group and the Cosan Group have shared power to vote and to dispose of the shares and may each thereby be deemed to be a beneficial owner thereof. The address of Raízen is Avenida Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek, 1327 6 º andar, Sao Paolo, SP CEP, 04543-011, Brazil. The address of Ispagnac is Avenida das Américas, 4200 Bloco 6, 1 º andar (part) Barra da Tijuca Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22640-102, Brazil. The address for RDS is Carel Van Bylandtlaan 30, 2596 HR The Hague, The Netherlands. The address for Cosan S.A. is Avenida Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek, 1327 6 º andar, Sao Paolo, SP CEP, 04543-011, Brazil. The address for Cosan is Avenida Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek, 1327 6 º andar, Sao Paolo, SP CEP, 04543-011, Brazil.
(2) Biomedical Sciences Investment Fund Pte Ltd (“BMSIF”) is wholly-owned by EDB Investments Pte Ltd, which is wholly-owned by the Economic Development Board of Singapore. No individual has beneficial ownership over shares held by BMSIF. Voting and investment decisions relating to these securities are made by the board of directors of BMSIF, which is currently comprised of Ms. Chu Swee Yeok and Mr. Kevin Lai Jia Ven. The board of directors of BMSIF acts by majority vote and no board member may act individually to vote or sell these securities. The address of BMSIF is 250 North Bridge Road #20-02, Raffles City Tower, Singapore 179101.

 

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(3) Includes (i) 2,740,158 shares and 86,178 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of a warrant held by CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, L.P. and (ii) 181,067 shares and 5,730 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of a warrant held by CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, Civil Law Partnership. CMEA Ventures LS Management 2000, L.P. is the general partner of CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, L.P. and the managing limited partner of CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, Civil Law Partnership. David Collier, Karl Handelsman and Thomas R. Baruch are the general partners of CMEA Ventures LS Management 2000, L.P. and as such, have voting and dispositive power over these shares. Each disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares and warrants held by these entities except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. The address of each of the reporting persons is 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite CM500, San Francisco, CA 94129.
(4) Includes (i) 213,400 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012 and (ii) 10,000 vested restricted stock units, the distribution of which Mr. Anton has elected to defer.
(5) Includes 67,902 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012.
(6) Includes (i) 13,333 shares held by Joseph Sarret as Trustee of UTD 5/30/00, (ii) 306,810 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012 and (iii) 10,000 vested restricted stock units, the distribution of which Mr. Sarret has elected to defer.
(7) Includes (i) 249,344 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012 and (ii) 10,000 vested restricted stock units, the distribution of which Mr. Sheehy has elected to defer.
(8) Includes (i) 69,895shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012 and (ii) 5,000 vested restricted stock units, the distribution of which Mr. Strumph has elected to defer.
(9) Includes 10,000 vested restricted stock units, the distribution of which Mr. Lawson has elected to defer. Mr. Lawson resigned as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer effective March 7, 2012.
(10) Includes (i) 202,000 shares held by The Shaw Living Trust Agreement, (ii) 1,338,827 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012 and (iii) 18,750 vested restricted stock units, the distribution of which Dr. Shaw has elected to defer. Dr. Shaw resigned as a director and as our President and Chief Executive Officer on February 17, 2012.
(11) Includes (i) 2,740,158 shares and 86,178 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of a warrant held by CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, L.P., (ii) 181,067 shares and 5,730 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of a warrant held by CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, Civil Law Partnership and (iii) 20,000 shares issuable to Mr. Baruch pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012. CMEA Ventures LS Management 2000, L.P. is the general partner of CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, L.P. and the managing limited partner of CMEA Ventures Life Sciences 2000, Civil Law Partnership. Mr. Baruch is a general partner of CMEA Ventures LS Management 2000, L.P. and as such, has voting and dispositive power over these shares. Mr. Baruch disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares and warrants held by these entities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(12) Includes 50,000 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012.
(13) Includes 78,332 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012. Such options are vested as to 72,082 shares, and the remaining 6,250 shares, if the options are exercised, would be subject to a right of repurchase within 60 days of April 16, 2012, at the original option exercise price of $9.09 per share in the event Mr. Karsner ceases to provide services to us.
(14) Includes 108,330 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012. Such options are vested as to 99,302 shares, and the remaining 9,028 shares, if the options are exercised, would be subject to a right of repurchase within 60 days of April 16, 2012, at the original option exercise price, in the event Mr. Kelley ceases to provide services to us. The option exercise prices range from $7.46 to $10.92 per share.
(15) Includes 86,664 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2012. Such options are vested as to 77,636 shares, and the remaining 9,028 shares, if the options are exercised, would be subject to a right of repurchase within 60 days of April 16, 2012, at the original option exercise price, in the event Mr. Wolf ceases to provide services to us. The option exercise prices range from $7.46 to $10.92 per share.

 

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Annual Report

The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, which contains our consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2011, accompanies this proxy statement.

Assistance

If you need assistance completing your proxy card or in voting over the Internet or have questions regarding the Annual Meeting, please contact our transfer agent, Wells Fargo Shareowner Services, at 161 North Concord Exchange, South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075-1139, or by telephone at (800) 468-9716.

Forward-Looking Statements

This proxy statement contains “forward-looking statements” (as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). These statements are based on our current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause results to differ materially from those set forth in the statements. The forward-looking statements may include statements regarding actions to be taken by us. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Forward-looking statements should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect our business, particularly those mentioned in the risk factors in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K.

 

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ITEM 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Board Structure

Our bylaws provide for a fixed number of directors as set by the board of directors. The board has set the current number of authorized directors at seven. The directors are divided into three classes, each of whom serves for a term of three years: Class I directors (who hold office until the close of the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders), Class II directors (who hold office until the close of the Annual Meeting) and Class III directors (who hold office until the close of the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders). There are currently six directors on our board, with one vacancy (in Class II) that has not yet been filled by our board. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the term of one of the classes of directors expires. The class of directors with a term expiring at the Annual Meeting, the Class II directors, currently consists of two seats, one of which is vacant.

Under the terms of a voting agreement among Codexis and the former holders of our preferred stock (which was converted into common stock at the time of our initial public offering (the “IPO”) in April 2010), Raízen, as the permitted assignee of Equilon Enterprises LLC dba Shell Oil Products US (“Shell”), has the right to designate one director to our board of directors for so long as Raízen holds at least 50% of the total number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the preferred stock purchased by Shell and assigned to Raízen and at least 5% of our fully diluted number of shares of common stock outstanding, and the collaborative research agreement between us and Shell has not expired or been terminated. The designee director of Raízen will be subject to the reasonable approval of a majority of the members of the board of directors. The current Raízen designee is Mr. Pedro  I. Mizutani, a Class III director.

Director Nominee

In 2011, our board of directors designated Bernard J. Kelley and our former President and Chief Executive Officer, Alan Shaw, as Class II directors. Dr. Shaw resigned as a director and as our President and Chief Executive Officer on February 17, 2012. Based upon the recommendation of our nominating and corporate governance committee, our board of directors has nominated Bernard J. Kelley for election as a Class II director to our board. If elected, Mr. Kelley would serve a three-year term expiring at the close of our 2015 annual meeting of stockholders, or until his successor is duly elected and qualified. Mr. Kelley currently serves on our board of directors, and has agreed to be named in this proxy statement and to serve as a director if elected. Biographical information on Mr. Kelley is furnished below under “Director Nominee Biographical Information.” The seat formerly occupied by Dr. Shaw remains vacant and our board of directors has not nominated any person for election to that seat at the Annual Meeting. The board of directors intends to fill that vacancy when the board of directors has appointed a permanent President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

Set forth below is information regarding the director nominee, as of April 16, 2012:

 

Name

   Age      Director Since  

Bernard J. Kelley(1)(2)

     70         2004   

 

(1) Member of the Compensation Committee
(2) Member of the Audit Committee

Director Nominee Biographical Information

The following director nominee biographical information is furnished with regard to the director nominee as of April 16, 2012.

Bernard J. Kelley has served as a director of Codexis since April 2004. Mr. Kelley brings to our board of directors experience in pharmaceutical manufacturing, as well as senior management and financial operations experience. From 1993 to 2002, Mr. Kelley was the President of the Merck Manufacturing Division, a division of

 

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Merck & Co., Inc., a global pharmaceutical company, and he served as a member of the Merck Management Committee from 1995 to 2002. Mr. Kelley currently serves on the board of directors, compensation and audit committees of MAP Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company focused on developing inhalation-based therapies, and previously served on the board of directors of Aegis Analytical Corporation, an enterprise software company, from 2004 to 2006. He holds a B.S. in engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy.

Board Recommendation

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE DIRECTOR NOMINEE.

 

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Directors Not Standing for Election

Set forth below is information for the members of the board whose terms of directorship do not expire at the Annual Meeting and who are not standing for election at this year’s Annual Meeting, as of April 16, 2012:

 

Name    Age      Director
Since
    

Class/Term

Expires

Thomas R. Baruch(1)(2)(3)

     73         2002         Class I/2014  

Alexander A. Karsner

     44         2009         Class I/2014  

Pedro I. Mizutani

     52         2011       Class III/ 2013

Dennis P. Wolf(2)(3)

     59         2007       Class III/ 2013

Byron L. Dorgan(1)(2)(3)

     69         2011       Class III/2013

 

(1) Member of the Compensation Committee
(2) Member of the Audit Committee
(3) Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Director Biographical Information

The following director biographical information is furnished with regard to our directors (other than the director who is a director nominee) as of April 16, 2012.

Thomas R. Baruch has served as a director of Codexis since 2002. Since November 2010, Mr. Baruch has served as managing general partner of Baruch Future Ventures, LLC, a venture capital fund that he founded. Mr. Baruch is also the founder and partner emeritus of CMEA Capital, a venture capital firm that was established in 1989 as an affiliated fund of New Enterprise Associates. Mr. Baruch served as managing partner of CMEA Capital from 1989 to October 2010. Mr. Baruch brings to our board of directors knowledge of the biotechnology and clean technology industries as well as public company governance experience. Mr. Baruch currently serves as a director for various clean technology companies, including as a member of the board of directors of FORO Energy, a company developing a new hybrid thermal mechanical drilling technology for geothermal energy wells; as chairman of the board of directors of CNano Technology Limited, a nanomaterial company that manufactures and develops carbon nanotubes for advanced energy and other applications; as a member of the board of directors of Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc., a company focused on the discovery of advanced materials for clean technology applications; and as chairman of the board of directors of Intermolecular, Inc., a company offering high productivity combinatorial synthesis technologies for application in the semiconductor and clean energy sectors, where he also serves on its compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees. In addition, Mr. Baruch is currently on the board of directors of Entropic Communications, Inc., and serves on the compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees of Entropic’s board of directors. Before starting CMEA, Mr. Baruch was a founder and Chief Executive Officer of Microwave Technology, Inc., a supplier of gallium arsenide integrated circuits. Prior to his employment with Microwave Technology, Inc., Mr. Baruch managed a dedicated venture fund at Exxon Corp, and was president of the Exxon Materials Division. Earlier in his career, Mr. Baruch worked as a patent attorney and remains a registered patent attorney. He is also both a member of the Executive Committee of the Council of Competitiveness and member of the Steering Committee of the ESIS Initiative (Energy, Security, Innovation, and Sustainability) of the Council of Competitiveness. Mr. Baruch is a member of the board of trustees of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship and the Sierra Club Climate Recovery Cabinet. Mr. Baruch holds a B.S. in engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a J.D. from Capital University.

Alexander A. Karsner has served as a director of Codexis since December 2009. Mr. Karsner brings to our board of directors experience in and knowledge of the energy industry and related public policy. He is currently Executive Chairman of Manifest Energy, Inc., a clean energy infrastructure development and finance company. Mr. Karsner previously served as Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy from March 2006 to August 2008. From April 2002 to March 2006, Mr. Karsner was Managing Director of Enercorp LLC, a private company involved in international project development, management and financing of renewable energy infrastructure. Mr. Karsner has also worked with Tondu Energy

 

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Systems of Texas, Wartsila Power Development of Finland and other multi-national energy firms and developers. Mr. Karsner is a director of Applied Materials, Inc., Conservation International, Argonne National Laboratory, the Gas Technology Institute, and the National Marine Sanctuaries Foundation and is on the advisory board of Hudson Clean Energy and the Automotive X Prize. He is a Distinguished Fellow at the Council on Competitiveness, Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution and a leader of the Energy Future Coalition, National Petroleum Council and Council on Foreign Relations. Mr. Karsner holds a B.A. with honors from Rice University and a M.A. from Hong Kong University.

Pedro I. Mizutani has served as a director of Codexis since July 2011. He brings to our board of directors extensive executive experience in industrial, financial and agricultural operations, as well as in-depth knowledge of the Brazilian fuels and sugars markets. Since July 2011, Mr. Mizutani has served as the Chief Operating Officer of Raízen, Raízen S.A., Raízen Energia S.A. and Raízen Combustiveis S.A., where he is responsible for all of Raízen’s upstream business (production of sugar, ethanol and bioenergy). Raízen is a joint venture between companies controlled by Cosan and Shell. Since 2010, Mr. Mizutani has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Cosan Sugar and Ethanol. From 2000 to 2010 he served as a director on the Executive Board for the Cosan Group, where he had responsibility for all upstream production. Mr. Mizutani holds a degree in production engineering from the University of São Paulo, an M.B.A. from the Getulio Vargas Foundation and a post-graduate degree in finance from the Methodist University of Piracicaba.

Dennis P. Wolf has served as a director of Codexis since December 2007. Mr. Wolf brings to our board of directors extensive experience in financial management, corporate finance and public company corporate governance. Mr. Wolf serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Fusion-io Multisystems. Previously, Mr. Wolf served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of MySQL AB. Prior to MySQL, Mr. Wolf held financial management positions for public high technology companies including Apple Computer, Inc., Centigram Communications, Inc., Credence Systems Corporation, Omnicell, Inc., Redback Networks Inc. and Sun Microsystems, Inc. Mr. Wolf is currently a director and chairman of the audit committee for Exponential Interactive Inc., a privately held digital advertising company. Mr. Wolf has been a director or member of the audit committee for other public companies including Quantum Corporation (from July 2007 through September 2011), Avanex Corporation (from April 2008 through April 2009), Bigband Networks (from October 2009 through March 2011), Komag, Inc. (from August 2004 through July 2007), Vitria Technology, Inc.(from February 2003 through September 2006) and Registry Magic. Mr. Wolf holds a B.A. from the University of Colorado and an M.B.A. from the University of Denver.

Byron L. Dorgan has served as a director of Codexis since February 2011. Mr. Dorgan brings to our board of directors a wealth of experience in the energy sector, policy making and government affairs. Mr. Dorgan represented the State of North Dakota in the United States Senate from 1992 to January 2011. Prior to serving in the United States Senate, Mr. Dorgan served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1992. During his time in the United States Senate, Mr. Dorgan served in the United States Senate Leadership, first as Assistant Democratic Floor Leader and then as Chairman of the Democratic Policy Committee. He also served as the Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs and was the senior Senator on the Appropriations, Energy and Commerce Committees. Prior to being elected to the United States House of Representatives, Mr. Dorgan served as North Dakota State Tax Commissioner from 1969 until 1980. Mr. Dorgan is also the author of two books, Take this Job and Ship It: How Corporate Greed and Brain-Dead Politics Are Selling Out America, a New York Times bestseller, and Reckless! How Debt, Deregulation and Dark Money Nearly Bankrupted America. Mr. Dorgan holds a B.S. from the University of North Dakota and a M.B.A. from the University of Denver.

 

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Executive Officers

The executive officers of Codexis are set forth below:

 

Name

   Age     

Position

Peter M. Strumph

     47       Interim President and Chief Executive Officer

Brian P. Dowd

     45       Interim Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Controller

Joseph J. Sarret

     44       Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer

Douglas T. Sheehy

     45       Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

David L. Anton

     59       Senior Vice President, Process Development and Manufacturing, and Chief Technology Officer

Executive Officer Biographical Information

The following biographical information is furnished with regard to our executive officers as of April 16, 2012:

Peter M. Strumph has served as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of Codexis since February 2012. Mr. Strumph joined Codexis in June 2010 as Senior Vice President, Commercial Operations and was promoted to Senior Vice President and Business Head of Pharmaceuticals in October 2011. From January 2010 to June 2010, Mr. Strumph was a consultant with Eureka Consulting, a life sciences consulting firm. From June 2007 to June 2009, Mr. Strumph was the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Nile Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held clinical stage biopharmaceutical company developing products for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Prior to joining Nile Therapeutics, Mr. Strumph served as Senior Vice President of Operations for CV Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held biopharmaceutical company that developed and commercialized small molecule drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. At CV Therapeutics, at various times, Mr. Strumph had responsibility for several functions including, pharmaceutical development and manufacturing, marketing, quality assurance/control, clinical trial operations, project management and alliance management. Mr. Strumph received a B.S. in System Science and Engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania. He also served as a Lieutenant in the United States Navy.

Brian P. Dowd has served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of Codexis since March 2012. Mr. Dowd joined Codexis in June 2007 as Vice President and Controller. From September 2003 to June 2007, Mr. Dowd was the Assistant Corporate Controller of VeriFone Holdings, Inc., a publicly held global technology provider facilitating electronic payment transactions at the point of sale. From January 2001 to September 2003, Mr. Dowd was a consultant with Robert Half Management Resources, a publicly held accounting and finance consulting firm. Between 1997 and January 2001, Mr. Dowd served as the Chief Financial Officer for several public and privately-held companies. Mr. Dowd received a B.S. in Business, Accounting and Finance from California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo and is a Certified Public Accountant.

Joseph J. Sarret has served as Senior Vice President of Codexis since December 2010 and Chief Business Officer of Codexis since October 2009. Dr. Sarret joined Codexis in 2005 as Corporate Counsel and Director, Business Development and was promoted to Vice President, Corporate Development in 2007, Senior Vice President, Corporate Development in February 2009 and President, Pharmaceutical Services and Enzyme Products in October 2009. Previously, he was an associate at Latham & Watkins LLP. He also served as attending physician and later Acting Medical Director for the HIV Clinic at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center. Dr. Sarret is a graduate of the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine and Stanford Law School. He holds a B.A. in human biology from Stanford University, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa.

 

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Douglas T. Sheehy has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Codexis since November 2009. He joined Codexis in April 2007 as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. Prior to Codexis, Mr. Sheehy spent five years at CV Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held biopharmaceutical company that developed and commercialized small molecule drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, in various positions, most recently as Executive Director, Legal — Corporate Law. Prior to that, Mr. Sheehy served as an attorney with the law firms of Gunderson Dettmer LLP and Brobeck Phleger & Harrison LLP. Mr. Sheehy holds a B.A. in history from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from American University.

David L. Anton has served as Senior Vice President, Process Development and Manufacturing, and Chief Technology Officer of Codexis since January 2011. Dr. Anton served as our Senior Vice President, Research and Development from May 2009 to January 2011. He joined Codexis in March 2008 as Vice President, Research and Development, for Codexis Bioindustrials. Dr. Anton has over 25 years experience directing development of new technology solutions and production processes. He joined DuPont in 1983, and held a variety of senior research management positions across bioprocessing and biocatalysis. Dr. Anton holds a B.S. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Minnesota.

 

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS

Composition of the Board of Directors

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the board of directors. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors. The division of our board of directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of our management or a change of control at our company. Of the members of our board of directors, Messrs. Baruch, Kelley, Wolf and Dorgan are independent directors as defined under the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”). Bruce Pasternack, whose term as a director expired on June 8, 2011, was also an independent director under such standards.

Board Leadership Structure

The role of Chairman of our board of directors is separate from the Chief Executive Officer position in order to ensure independent leadership of the board of directors. Our board of directors has determined that its structure is appropriate to fulfill its duties effectively and efficiently, so that our Chief Executive Officer can focus on leading our company, while the Chairman can focus on leading the board of directors in overseeing management.

Board Meetings

Our board held twelve meetings during fiscal year 2011. During fiscal year 2011, all of our directors, other than Messrs. Mizutani, Pasternack and Streng, attended at least 75% of the combined total of (i) all board meetings held during the period for which each such director was a member of the board and (ii) all meetings of committees of the board of which the director was a member. Mr. Pasternack’s term as a director expired on June 8, 2011 and Mr. Streng resigned from our board on June 9, 2011. Each board member is free to suggest the inclusion of items on the agenda for each board meeting. The board regularly meets in executive session without management or other employees present. The board encourages its members to attend its annual meetings of stockholders. Mr. Karsner and Dr. Shaw were the only members of our board of directors to attend our 2011 annual meeting of stockholders.

Board Committees

Our board of directors has the following standing committees: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. The composition and responsibilities of the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee are described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our board of directors.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee oversees our corporate accounting and financial reporting process. Among other matters, the audit committee selects the independent registered public accounting firm; evaluates the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence and performance; determines the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm; reviews and approves the scope of the annual audit and the audit fees; discusses with management and the independent registered public accounting firm the results of the annual audit and the review of our quarterly consolidated financial statements; approves the retention of the independent registered public accounting firm to perform any proposed permissible non-audit services; monitors the rotation of partners of the independent registered public accounting firm on our engagement team as required by law; reviews our consolidated financial statements and our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations to be included in our annual and quarterly reports to be filed with the SEC; reviews our critical accounting policies and estimates; and annually reviews the audit committee charter and the

 

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committee’s performance. Additionally, our audit committee reviews the relevant facts and circumstances of any related party transactions and reviews the conflicts of interest and corporate opportunity provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The current members of our audit committee are Thomas R. Baruch, Bernard J. Kelley, Byron L. Dorgan and Dennis P. Wolf. Mr. Wolf serves as the chairman of the committee. All members of our audit committee meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and NASDAQ. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Wolf is an audit committee financial expert as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC and has the requisite financial sophistication as defined under applicable NASDAQ rules. Each of the members of our audit committee qualifies as an independent director under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and NASDAQ listing standards relating to audit committee independence. Our audit committee has been established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act and operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable standards of the SEC and NASDAQ. The audit committee charter can be found in the corporate governance section of our website at www.codexis.com. The audit committee met seven times during fiscal year 2011.

Compensation Committee

Our compensation committee reviews and recommends policies relating to compensation and benefits of our officers and employees. The compensation committee reviews and approves corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers, evaluates the performance of these officers in light of those goals and objectives, and sets the compensation of these officers based on such evaluations. The compensation committee also reviews and approves the issuance of stock options and other awards under our stock plans. The compensation committee will review and evaluate, at least annually, the performance of the compensation committee and its members, including compliance of the compensation committee with its charter. The current members of our compensation committee are Thomas R. Baruch, Byron L. Dorgan and Bernard J. Kelley. Mr. Dorgan serves as the chairman of the committee. Each of the members of our compensation committee is an independent or outside director under NASDAQ listing standards and the applicable rules and regulations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, relating to compensation committee independence. The compensation committee operates under a written charter, which can be found in the corporate governance section of our website at www.codexis.com. The Compensation Committee met eleven times during fiscal year 2011.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for making recommendations to our board of directors regarding candidates for directorships and the size and composition of our board of directors. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate governance policies and reporting and making recommendations to our board of directors concerning governance matters. The current members of our nominating and corporate governance committee are Thomas R. Baruch, Byron L. Dorgan and Dennis P. Wolf. Mr. Baruch serves as the chairman of the committee. Each of the members of our nominating and corporate governance committee is an independent director under NASDAQ listing standards relating to nominating and corporate governance committee independence. The nominating and corporate governance committee operates under a written charter, which can be found in the corporate governance section of our website at www.codexis.com. The nominating and corporate governance committee met four times during fiscal year 2011.

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Risk Oversight

Our board of directors generally oversees corporate risk in its review and deliberations relating to our activities, including financial and strategic risk relevant to our operations. In addition, our board of directors regularly reviews information regarding our credit, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. The audit committee oversees management of financial risks. The compensation committee is responsible

 

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for overseeing the management of risks relating to our executive compensation plans and arrangements and employee retention. The nominating and corporate governance committee manages risks associated with the independence of our board of directors and potential conflicts of interest. While each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, the entire board of directors is regularly informed through committee reports about such risks. Our board of directors believes that administration of its risk oversight function has not affected the board of directors’ leadership structure.

Risk Assessment and Compensation Practices

Our management assesses and discusses with our compensation committee our compensation policies and practices for our employees as they relate to our risk management and, based upon this assessment, we believe that any risks arising from such policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us in the future.

Our employees’ base salaries are fixed in amount and thus we do not believe that they encourage excessive risk-taking. While performance-based cash bonuses and sales commissions focus on achievement of short-term or annual goals, which may encourage the taking of short-term or annual risks at the expense of long-term results, we believe that our compensation policies help mitigate this risk and our performance-based cash bonuses and sales commissions are limited, representing a small portion of the total compensation opportunities available to most employees. We also believe that our performance-based cash bonuses and sales commissions appropriately balance risk and the desire to focus our employees on specific short-term goals important to our success, and do not encourage unnecessary or excessive risk-taking.

A portion of the compensation provided to our employees is in the form of long-term equity-based incentives that we believe are important to help further align our employees’ interests with those of our stockholders. We do not believe that these equity-based incentives encourage unnecessary or excessive risk taking because their ultimate value is tied to our stock price.

Director Nominations and Board Diversity

Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for reviewing with the board of directors, on an annual basis, the appropriate characteristics, skills and experience required for the board of directors as a whole and its individual members. In evaluating the suitability of individual candidates (both new candidates and current members), the nominating and corporate governance committee, in recommending candidates for election, and the board of directors, in approving (and, in the case of vacancies, appointing) such candidates, takes into account many factors, including: personal and professional integrity, ethics and values; experience in corporate management, such as serving as an officer or former officer of a publicly held company and a general understanding of marketing, finance and other elements relevant to the success of a publicly-traded company in today’s business environment; experience in Codexis’ industry and relevant social policy concerns; experience as a board member of another publicly held company; academic expertise in an area of Codexis’ operations; practical and mature business judgment, including the ability to make independent analytical inquiries; and diversity of business or career experience relevant to the success of Codexis, such as public policy and government relations. The board of directors evaluates each individual in the context of the board of directors as a whole, with the objective of assembling a group that can best maximize the success of the business and represent stockholder interests through the exercise of sound judgment using its diversity of experience in these various areas.

The nominating and corporate governance committee may decide to retain an executive search firm to identify director candidates, and if so, will identify the search firm and approve the search firm’s fees and other retention terms and will specify for the search firm the criteria to use in identifying potential candidates, consistent with the director qualification criteria described above. The nominating and corporate governance committee will also consider director candidates recommended by stockholders. For a stockholder to make any

 

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nomination for election to the board at an annual meeting, the stockholder must provide notice to Codexis, which notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, Codexis’ principal executive offices not less than 90 days and not more than 120 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, the stockholder’s notice must be delivered, or mailed and received, not later than 90 days prior to the date of the annual meeting or, if later, the 10th day following the date on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is made. Further updates and supplements to such notice may be required at the times and in the forms required under our bylaws. As set forth in our bylaws, submissions must include the name and address of the proposed nominee and the nominating person, information regarding the proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act, information regarding the proposed nominee’s and the nominating person’s indirect and direct interests in shares of our common stock, information regarding the relationships between the proposed nominee and the nominating person (and such nominating person’s affiliates and those with whom the nominating person is acting in concert), and a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement of the proposed nominee. Our bylaws also specify further requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. We recommend that any stockholder wishing to make a nomination for director review a copy of our bylaws, as amended and restated to date, which is available, without charge, upon request to our Secretary, at 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063. Candidates recommended by the stockholders are evaluated in the same manner as candidates identified by a member of the nominating and corporate governance committee.

Bernard J. Kelley was originally recommended to the board of directors for appointment as director by a former executive officer other than the chief executive officer.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of our compensation committee has at any time during the prior three years been an officer or employee of Codexis. None of our executive officers currently serves or in the prior three years has served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.

Communication with the Board

Interested persons, including stockholders, may communicate with our board of directors by sending a letter to our Secretary at our principal executive offices at 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063. Our Secretary will submit all correspondence to the chairman of the board directors and to any specific director to whom the correspondence is directed.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including those officers responsible for financial reporting. Our code of business conduct and ethics can be found in the corporate governance section of our website at www.codexis.com. In addition, our code of business conduct and ethics is available in print to any stockholder who requests a copy. Please direct all requests to our Secretary at our principal executive offices at Codexis, Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063. We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of such provisions, applicable to our directors and officers, on our website identified above.

Director Compensation

Our non-employee director compensation policy provides that each non-employee director receives an annual cash retainer of $50,000 per year, other than the chairman of our board of directors, who receives an annual cash retainer of $100,000 per year. Non-employee directors also receive an additional annual cash retainer

 

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of $16,000 per year for being a member of our compensation committee, other than the chairperson of our compensation committee, who receives an additional cash retainer of $25,000 per year. Non-employee directors also receive an additional annual cash retainer of $5,000 per year for being a member of our nominating and corporate governance committee, other than the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee, who receives an additional annual cash retainer of $10,000 per year. Non-employee directors also receive an additional annual cash retainer of $16,000 per year for being a member of our audit committee, other than the chairperson of our audit committee, who receives an additional annual cash retainer of $25,000 per year. These cash retainers are paid quarterly in arrears. During fiscal year 2011, each of Messrs. Kelley, Dorgan, Baruch, Karsner, Pasternack and Wolf received cash compensation pursuant to our non-employee director compensation policy.

In addition to the annual cash retainers, our non-employee director compensation policy previously provided that, upon election to our board of directors, each non-employee director shall receive an initial option grant of an option to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock with a per share exercise price equal to the per share closing trading price of our common stock on the date of grant. Such initial option grants vest as to 1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the date the director commences service on our board of directors, with the remainder of the option vesting at a rate of 1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the option each year thereafter.

In February 2011, our board of directors amended the non-employee director compensation policy to provide for initial grants upon election to our board of directors of 100,000 shares of common stock, with a per share exercise price equal to the per share closing trading price of our common stock on the date of grant. Such initial option grants vest and become exercisable as to 50% of the total number of shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the date the director commences service on our board of directors, with the remainder of the option vesting and becoming exercisable at a rate of 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option each year thereafter. In addition, beginning in 2011, on the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, each non-employee director who has served at least six months on our board of directors shall also receive an annual grant of an option to purchase 20,000 shares of our common stock with a per share exercise price equal to the per share closing trading price of our common stock on the date of grant. Such annual option grant shall be vested and become exercisable as to the total number of shares subject to the option on the one year anniversary of the date of grant.

The following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by our non-employee directors who served during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

Director Compensation Table

 

Director

   Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash
     Option
Awards(1)
     All Other
Compensation
($)
    Total  

Thomas R. Baruch

   $ 142,000       $ 110,672       $ —        $ 252,672   

Bernard J. Kelley

     82,000         110,672         —          192,672   

Pedro I. Mizutani(2)

     0         —           —          0   

Dennis P. Wolf

     80,000         110,672         —          190,672   

Byron L. Dorgan

     79,852         598,160           678,012   

Alexander A. Karsner

     50,000         100,672         120,000 (3)      270,675 2   

Bruce Pasternack(4)

     35,165         —           —          35,165   

Chris Streng(5)

     0         —           —          0   

 

(1)

Amount reflects the grant date fair value of options granted in the year ended December 31, 2011 calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in Note 10 to our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal

 

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  year ended December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, Mr. Baruch had outstanding option awards to purchase an aggregate of 20,000 shares, Mr. Kelley had outstanding option awards to purchase an aggregate of 108,330 shares, Mr. Wolf had outstanding option awards to purchase an aggregate of 86,664 shares, Mr. Dorgan had outstanding option awards to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares and Mr. Karsner had outstanding option awards to purchase an aggregate of 103,332 shares, 36,666 of which were awarded in connection with our non-employee director compensation policy and 66,666 of which were issued pursuant to his December 2009 consulting agreement with the company.
(2) Mr. Mizutani commenced service as a director on July 1, 2011. As a designee of Raízen, Mr. Mizutani does not receive any compensation for his service.
(3) Reflects payments made to Mr. Karsner pursuant to his December 2009 consulting agreement with the company.
(4) Mr. Pasternack’s term as a director expired on June 8, 2011.
(5) Mr. Streng resigned from our board on June 9, 2011. As a designee of Shell, Mr. Streng did not receive any compensation for his service during 2011.

ITEM 2

RATIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT

REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The audit committee of our board of directors has selected Ernst & Young as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2012, and has further directed that management submit the selection of our independent registered public accounting firm for ratification by the stockholders at the Annual Meeting. A representative of Ernst & Young is expected to be present at the Annual Meeting and will have an opportunity to make a statement if he or she so desires and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Stockholder ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young as our independent registered public accounting firm is not required by our bylaws or otherwise. However, the board is submitting the selection of Ernst & Young to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If the stockholders fail to ratify the selection, the audit committee will reconsider whether or not to retain Ernst & Young. Even if the selection is ratified, the audit committee in its discretion may direct the appointment of a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if the audit committee determines that such a change would be in our and our stockholders best interests.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Ernst & Young provided audit, audit-related and tax services to us during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 as follows:

 

Type of Fees

   Fiscal 2011      Fiscal 2010  

Audit Fees

   $ 1,933,183       $ 1,909,925   

Audit-Related Fees

     —           —     

Tax Fees

     —           38,604   

All Other Fees

     15,456         1,720   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,948,639       $ 1,950,249   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Audit Fees

This category includes fees associated with our annual audit, the reviews of our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and statutory audits required internationally. This category also includes fees associated with advice on audit and accounting matters that arose during, or as a result of, the audit or the review of our interim financial statements, statutory audits and the assistance with the review of our SEC registration statements, including our Form S-1 relating to our IPO, a comfort letter, consent and Form S-8 consents.

 

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Audit-Related Fees

There were no fees for services rendered by E&Y that fall into the classification of audit-related fees for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 or 2010.

Tax Fees

This category includes fees for tax planning and tax consultations.

All Other Fees

This category includes fees associated with obtaining a value added tax refund in India and the subscription services that Ernst & Young provided us to their GAAP database in 2011.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Before an independent registered public accounting firm is engaged by Codexis or its subsidiaries to render audit or non-audit services, our audit committee must review the terms of the proposed engagement and pre-approve the engagement. Our audit committee may establish policies that allow the audit committee to delegate authority to a member of the audit committee to provide such pre-approvals for audit or non-audit services, provided that such person will be required to report all such pre-approvals to the full audit committee at its next scheduled meeting. In addition, if such policies are established for non-audit services, the audit committee must be informed of each non-audit service provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. Audit committee pre-approval of non-audit services (other than review and attest services) are not be required if such services fall within available exceptions established by the SEC. All fees paid to Ernst & Young for audit and non-audit services provided during fiscal years 2011 and 2010 were pre-approved by the audit committee in accordance with the policy described above.

Board Recommendation

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE RATIFICATION OF ERNST & YOUNG AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2012.

 

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Executive Summary

The following overview highlights and summarizes information regarding executive compensation and does not purport to contain all of the information that is necessary to gain an understanding of our executive compensation policies and decisions. Please carefully read the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section and the compensation tables and related disclosures that follow for a more complete understanding of our executive compensation program.

Significant 2011 Business Highlights. Entering 2011, our most important objectives as a company were to establish an independent ability to produce our CodeXyme™ cellulase enzymes to convert cellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars, strengthen our biofuels collaboration with Shell by achieving our technical progress targets and establish a portfolio of high interest target chemicals that match market opportunity with our technology advantage. We achieved or made significant progress on most of these important objectives in 2011. As a result, we produced positive results in 2011. Some of our key results from 2011 include the following:

 

   

We completed an independent 20,000 liter scale-up of our CodeXyme™ cellulase enzymes, which convert cellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars;

 

   

We advanced our CodeXol™ detergent alcohol program by partnering with Chemtex, a subsidiary of Gruppo Mossi & Ghisolfi, to provide a fully integrated production process for converting cellulosic biomass to sustainable detergent alcohols;

 

   

We supplied the intermediate for three on-patent pharmaceuticals that received global regulatory approvals in 2011;

 

   

We achieved four out of six technical milestones in our biofuels program with Shell, which further advanced our collaboration with Shell; and

 

   

Our CodeXyme™ cellulase enzymes and a Codexis-developed, ethanol-producing yeast were successfully deployed in Iogen Energy’s 150,000 gallon per year cellulosic ethanol demonstration facility in Canada.

Additionally, we achieved revenues of $123.9 million in 2011, an increase of $16.8 million or 16% over fiscal 2010 revenue.

Commitment to Pay-for-Performance. We have structured our compensation programs for our named executive officers to provide them appropriate incentives to drive positive results. We believe that our compensation programs are appropriately sensitive to company financial performance and long-term stockholder returns. The key components of our compensation program for named executive officers and actions taken in 2011 with respect to those components are as follows:

 

   

Limited Base Salary Increases. Base salaries represent a fixed component of our compensation program that are intended to keep us competitive with the market while remaining both cost effective and providing security to our named executive officers as a predictable stream of income. During 2011, limited base salary increases were provided to our named executive officers primarily to adjust their base salaries closer to the median salaries paid by our competitors to executives in similar positions. See “Annual Cash Compensation — Base Salary” below for additional information.

 

   

Cash Incentive Bonuses Reflected 2011 Company Performance. Our named executive officers participate in an Executive Incentive Compensation Plan. During 2011, our named executive officers’ target bonus opportunities remained at the same level as in 2010. In order to focus our named executive officers on achieving significant corporate goals as a team, opportunities to earn cash bonuses for our named executive officers were based entirely upon achieving significant corporate goals. In 2011, we either achieved or partially achieved most of the targets set for our corporate goals, with corporate

 

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performance achieved overall at 90% of target. For 2011, our revenue goal was achieved at $123.9 million. Additionally, the corporate non-financial performance goals related to our ability to independently produce sugar from biomass, our collaboration with Shell and the growth of our chemicals business were mostly achieved.

 

   

Equity Awards as a Key Component of Compensation. Our compensation committee provides a significant portion of our named executive officers’ compensation in the form of stock option grants that we believe help align the interests of our named executive officers with our stockholders and provide our named executive officers incentive to drive long-term growth in our stock price. Equity awards, largely in the form of stock options, represented approximately 62% of our named executive officers’ aggregate cash and equity compensation in 2011.

CEO’s Realizable Pay Aligned with Stockholder Experience. Our stock price declined substantially in 2011, despite the positive momentum and strong performance in our business. We believe that our compensation programs for our named executive officers are appropriately sensitive to these results:

 

   

Dr. Shaw’s 2011 total compensation declined by approximately 28% from 2010, as reflected in the 2011 Summary Compensation Table below.

 

   

The grant date value of Dr. Shaw’s 2011 equity awards was approximately 33% lower than his 2010 awards.

 

   

The realizable value of Dr. Shaw’s total equity holdings (including options, restricted stock unit awards and all outstanding common stock) declined by approximately $6.0 million during 2011 (after giving effect to any gains on sales during 2011), or approximately 52%, demonstrating the strong link between Dr. Shaw’s compensation and our stock value.

2011 Executive Compensation Program Summary. Our executive compensation program is designed to attract talented individuals to lead, manage and operate all aspects of our business and reward and retain those individuals who continue to meet our high expectations over time. Our executive compensation program combines short- and long-term components, cash and equity, and fixed and contingent payments in the amounts and proportions that we believe are most appropriate to incentivize, retain and reward our named executive officers for achieving our objectives. Our executive compensation program also is intended to make us competitive in our industry, where there is considerable competition for talented executives.

Our named executive officers for fiscal year 2011 were

 

   

Alan Shaw, President and Chief Executive Officer;

 

   

Robert J. Lawson, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer;

 

   

Douglas T. Sheehy, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary;

 

   

David L. Anton, Senior Vice President, Process Development and Manufacturing, and Chief Technology Officer; and

 

   

Joseph J. Sarret, Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer.

In February 2012, Dr. Shaw resigned as our President and Chief Executive Officer and Peter M. Strumph was appointed by our board of directors as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer. In March 2012, Mr. Lawson resigned as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Brian P. Dowd was appointed by our board of directors as our Interim Chief Financial Officer.

 

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Stockholder Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

At our 2011 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders voted in non-binding advisory votes (i) to approve the compensation of our named executive officers and (ii) in favor of having a non-binding stockholder vote on executive compensation once every three years. Our compensation committee reviewed the result of the stockholders’ advisory vote on executive compensation. In light of the approval by a substantial majority of our stockholders of the compensation programs described in our 2011 proxy statement (representing almost 98% of the shares represented in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote), the compensation committee did not implement changes to our executive compensation programs as a result of the stockholders’ advisory vote. The compensation for each of the named executive officers for fiscal year 2011 reflects our financial and operating performance. Consistent with the stated preference of a majority of our stockholders (representing over 63% of the shares represented in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote), the compensation committee determined that we will hold a “say-on-pay” vote every three years. Our next advisory vote on compensation will be held at the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders.

Objectives and Philosophy of Our Executive Compensation Program

Our compensation program for our named executive officers is designed to achieve the following objectives:

 

   

attract, engage and retain executives of superior ability, experience and managerial talent enabling us to be an employer of choice in our highly-competitive and dynamic industry;

 

   

motivate and reward executives whose knowledge, skills and performance ensure our continued success;

 

   

encourage and inspire our executives to achieve key corporate performance objectives by linking base salary increases and incentive award opportunities to the achievement of individual and company-wide short- and long-term goals; and

 

   

align the interests of our executives and stockholders by providing a significant portion of total compensation opportunities for our executive officers in the form of direct ownership in our company through stock options and other equity incentive awards, which motivates executives to increase stockholder value.

Components of Our Executive Compensation Program

The components of our executive compensation program consist primarily of base salaries, annual cash incentive bonuses, equity awards and broad-based benefits programs. We combine short-term compensation components (such as base salaries and annual cash incentive bonuses) and long-term compensation components (such as equity incentive awards) to provide an overall compensation structure that is designed to both attract and retain key executives as well as provide incentive for the achievement of short- and long-term corporate objectives.

The compensation committee of our board of directors is responsible for evaluating and administering our compensation programs and practices for our named executive officers. Our compensation committee uses its judgment and experience and the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer for named executive officers other than himself to determine the appropriate mix of short- and long-term compensation elements for each named executive officer. Short- and long-term compensation elements are balanced to encourage each named executive officer to use his time and talents to accomplish both our short- and long-term corporate objectives. Our Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel generally attend our compensation committee meetings to provide input on factors that may influence our compensation committee members’ consideration of compensation programs and individual compensation, including individual performance (other than with respect to their own performance), financial, legal and compensation parity considerations. In addition, our Chief Financial Officer occasionally attends such compensation committee meetings depending on the issues being discussed. Each such named executive officer is not present at the meetings at the time that his or her own

 

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compensation is being reviewed by the compensation committee. Our compensation committee analyzes each of the primary elements of our compensation program to ensure that our executive officers’ overall compensation is competitive with executive officers in similar positions at comparable companies in our labor market and to ensure internal compensation equality among incentive awards for our employees, including our named executive officers.

Our compensation committee determines compensation for our executive officers, including our named executive officers, in large part based upon our financial resources, as well as competitive market data. Our compensation committee has engaged Compensia, Inc. to provide competitive market data and to provide advisory support to the compensation committee with regards to the compensation of our named executive officers. Compensia works directly with our compensation committee and did not provide any other services to Codexis during 2011.

In September 2010, based on the recommendation of Compensia, our compensation committee adopted a peer group of companies, which expands beyond life sciences companies and includes public biotechnology, biofuels/chemical and clean technology companies to assist our compensation committee in evaluating our named executive officer compensation. The 2011 peer group approved by our compensation committee includes the following companies:

 

•    Affymax Inc.

•    Amyris, Inc.

•    Dionex Corporation

•    Energy Recovery, Inc.

•    Exelixis Inc.

•    FuelCell Energy, Inc.

•    Gevo, Inc.

•    Intermune, Inc.

  

•    Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

•    Luminex Corporation

•    Martek Biosciences Corporation

•    Metabolix, Inc.

•    Rentech Inc.

•    SurModics, Inc.

•    Verenium Corporation

•    Zoltek Companies, Inc.

Evergreen Energy, Inc. was removed from our peer group as its financial condition was deteriorating and, in early 2012, it filed for bankruptcy protection. Symyx Technologies, Inc. was removed from our peer group after being acquired in 2010. Maxygen, Inc. and XenoPort, Inc. were removed from our peer group because their financial performance during the peer measurement period was not consistent with our own. Amyris, Inc., Gevo, Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Zoltek Companies, Inc. were added to our 2011 peer group to replace the companies removed from our peer group based upon similar business models and/or financial performance.

In determining the 2011 compensation for our named executive officers, we believe that the practices of the companies in the above peer group provided us with appropriate compensation information because several of these companies have similar organizational structures and tend to compete with us for executives. We work within the general framework of this market-competitive philosophy to determine each component of an executive’s compensation package based on numerous factors, including:

 

   

the demand for the particular skill sets we need within the marketplace;

 

   

performance goals and other expectations for the position and the individual;

 

   

the individual’s background and relevant expertise, including training and prior relevant work experience;

 

   

the individual’s role with us and the compensation paid to similar persons at the companies that participate in the surveys that we review; and

 

   

comparison to other executives within our company having similar levels of expertise and experience.

During 2011, our compensation committee reviewed all aspects of our executive compensation program, including base salaries, annual cash incentive bonuses and equity incentive targets for each of our named executive officers. To ensure that top talent could be retained and attracted, in 2011 the compensation committee approved adjustments to our executive compensation program to reflect competitive pressures and ensure internal equity among executives with similar levels of responsibility and authority.

 

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Each of the primary elements of our executive compensation program is discussed in more detail below. While we have identified particular compensation objectives that each element of executive compensation serves, our compensation programs are designed to be flexible and complementary and to collectively serve all of the executive compensation objectives described above. Accordingly, whether or not specifically mentioned below, we believe that, as a part of our overall executive compensation policy, each individual element of our executive compensation program, to a greater or lesser extent, serves each of our objectives as set forth above.

Annual Cash Compensation

Base Salary

The base salaries of all of our named executive officers are reviewed annually and adjusted when necessary to reflect individual roles and performance, and the competitive market. Our compensation committee also reviews each executive’s annual base salary in comparison with other executives who are at the same level at our company and seeks parity among executives with similar levels of responsibility and authority. Our compensation committee believes that a competitive base salary is a necessary element of any compensation program designed to attract and retain talented and experienced executives. We also believe that competitive base salaries can motivate and reward executives for their overall performance.

In February 2011, our compensation committee decided to adjust the salaries for each of our named executive officers primarily so that their respective salaries continued to move towards the 50th percentile of base salaries of executives in similar positions in our peer group. In February 2011, after determining that Dr. Shaw’s current base salary of $460,000 was significantly below that paid to the 50th percentile of executives at his level in our peer group, which was $525,400, the compensation committee increased Dr. Shaw’s base salary by $30,000 to $490,000. In February 2011, after determining that Mr. Lawson’s current base salary of $330,000 was above the 50th percentile of executives at his level in our peer group, which was $316,900, the compensation committee increased Mr. Lawson’s base salary by $10,000 to $340,000 in recognition of Mr. Lawson’s contributions to our performance in 2010, including our IPO. In February 2011, after determining that Mr. Sheehy’s current base salary of $300,000 was below that paid to the 50th percentile of executives at his level in our peer group, which was $317,100, the compensation committee increased Mr. Sheehy’s base salary by $10,000 to $310,000. In February 2011, after determining that Dr. Anton’s current base salary of $290,000 was significantly below that paid to the 50th percentile of executives at his level in our peer group, which was $331,900, the compensation committee increased Dr. Anton’s base salary by $30,000 to $320,000. In February 2011, after determining that Dr. Sarret’s current base salary of $320,000 was below that paid to the 50th percentile of executives at his level in our peer group, which was $342,400, the compensation committee increased Dr. Sarret’s base salary by $10,000 to $330,000. The following table sets forth the base salaries for 2011 for each of our named executive officers and, where applicable, the percentage such salary increased over such executive’s base salary as of December 31, 2010:

 

Name of Executive Officer

   Increase     2011 Base Salary  

Alan Shaw

     6.5 %   $ 490,000   

Robert J. Lawson

     3.0       340,000   

Douglas T. Sheehy

     3.0       310,000   

David L. Anton

     10.3        320,000   

Joseph J. Sarret

     3.1       330,000   

Annual Cash Incentive Bonuses

Our compensation philosophy with respect to annual cash incentive bonuses is consistent with our overall compensation program philosophy. The annual cash incentive bonus is directed at tying individual compensation to both corporate and individual performance while maintaining market-competitive compensation. Performance, as measured against individual and corporate goals, directly affects the level of bonus payment.

 

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Annual Cash Incentive Bonuses for 2011

In June 2010, our compensation committee adopted the Executive Incentive Compensation Plan. The Executive Incentive Compensation Plan is comprised of three elements that factor into the cash incentive bonus paid to named executive officers: the annual cash incentive bonus targets, the corporate performance factor and the individual performance factor, each of which is set by our compensation committee. For 2011, in order to focus our named executive officers on pursuing corporate goals as a team, the compensation committee determined to eliminate the individual performance factor for the 2011 annual cash incentive program.

For 2011, our compensation committee retained the same target bonus percentages as in 2010 for each of our named executive officers. In initially establishing the target bonus percentages of our named executive officers, our compensation committee reviewed competitive market data for our peer group of companies and the target bonus percentages of executives having similar level of responsibility within our company. Target bonus percentages generally correlate to the level of responsibility of the executive with higher target bonus percentage reserved for executives having the most responsibility. The table below sets forth the annual cash incentive bonus target for each of our named executive officers for 2011:

 

Name of Executive Officer

   2011 Bonus Target
(as % of 2010
Base Salary)
 

Alan Shaw

     50

Robert J. Lawson

     40   

Douglas T. Sheehy

     40   

David L. Anton

     40   

Joseph J. Sarret

     40   

The company performance factor is subdivided into two separate factors: (i) the company financial performance factor; and (ii) the company non-financial performance factor. The company financial performance factor is measured based upon our company’s achievement of financial revenue goal established by our compensation committee. The non-financial performance goals that comprise the company non-financial performance factor include the achievement of goals related to our establishment of an independent ability to produce sugar from biomass, our biofuels collaboration with Shell and the establishment of our bio-based chemicals business. The company financial performance factor represents 50% of the total company performance factor and the company non-financial performance factor represents the other 50%. The 2011 company financial performance factor target for revenue was determined by our compensation committee to be $119.3 million. The performance goals that comprise the company non-financial performance factor are set to be difficult to achieve and require above what our compensation committee has determined to be average performance in order to meet the minimum performance objective.

Under the Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, no bonus is payable if our company achieves less than 80% of any single company financial performance goal. Failure to achieve 80% of any goal that comprises the company non-financial performance factor will result in a zero for that particular goal, but will not alone result in zero total bonus. The maximum company performance factor achievement level is 100%, but our compensation committee retained discretion to award higher bonuses in the event of significant over-achievement.

In February 2012, our compensation committee determined that the corporate financial performance goal of revenue had been achieved in 2011 at $123.9 million. This achievement level yielded the full corporate financial performance factor of 50%. Additionally, the compensation committee determined that the corporate non-financial performance goals related to our ability to independently produce sugar from biomass, our collaboration with Shell and the growth of our chemicals business had been mostly achieved at levels yielding a corporate non-financial performance factor of 40%. When combined, the company performance factor was achieved at a level of 90%.

 

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The following table sets forth the 2011 bonus targets and actual bonuses paid to our named executive officer:

 

Name of Executive Officer

   Bonus Target
(Base Salary x
Target %) ($)
     2011 Company
Performance
Factor (%)
    Bonus Payment
($)
 

Alan Shaw

   $ 245,000         90   $ 220,500   

Robert J. Lawson

     136,000         90        122,400   

Douglas T. Sheehy

     124,000         90        111,600   

David L. Anton

     128,000         90        115,200   

Joseph Sarret

     132,000         90        118,800   

We believe that our annual cash incentive bonus plans help to attract and motivate our executives, encourage and inspire our executives to achieve key corporate performance objectives and to align the compensation payable to our executives with our corporate objectives, thereby maximizing stockholder value. By evaluating our bonus program for executives each fiscal year, we believe we provide sufficient and attainable incentives for our executives that align with both our financial and non-financial goals.

Equity Incentive Compensation

We believe that our long-term performance is best facilitated through a culture of executive ownership that encourages long-term investment by our named executive officers in our equity, thereby better aligning the named executive officers’ interests with the interests of our stockholders. To encourage this ownership culture, we typically make an initial equity award of stock options to new employees and periodic grants at other times, as approved by our compensation committee. Our compensation committee approves all equity grants to our employees including our named executive officers. These grants have an exercise price equal to the closing trading price of our common stock on the date of grant or, for grants made prior to our IPO, equal to fair market value as determined by our board of directors or compensation committee. Grants of options are typically subject to a four-year vesting schedule with 1/4th of the grant vesting upon the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and the remainder of the shares vesting at a rate of 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option each month after the one-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to the continued service of the named executive officer. Vesting commencement dates generally correlate to the date of hire, date of promotion or date of grant. In keeping with our market-competitive philosophy, our compensation committee established the foregoing vesting schedules because it determined such vesting represents market practice in our industry based on the experience of the members of our compensation committee.

The size of the initial stock option award is determined based on the executive’s position with us and takes into account the executive’s base salary and other compensation as well as an analysis of the grant and compensation practices of the 2011 peer group. The initial stock option awards are intended to provide the named executive officer with an incentive to build value in the organization over an extended period of time while remaining consistent with our overall compensation philosophy.

In January 2011, our compensation committee awarded option grants and restricted stock units, or RSUs, to each of our named executive officers. While no single factor determined the size of these awards, our compensation committee generally considered the following factors in making such awards: internal equity among executives, the percentage of equity holdings, both vested and unvested, the vesting schedule of unvested stock options, whether each named executive officer’s equity holdings provide adequate incentive and retention value, individual performance, tenure with our company and the critical nature of each named executive officer’s role at our company, and the periodic equity incentive award practices observed by our 2011 peer group companies.

Our named executive officers received the following awards in the following amounts: Dr. Shaw (an option to purchase 125,000 shares and 75,000 RSUs), Mr. Lawson (an option to purchase 60,000 shares and 40,000 RSUs), Mr. Sheehy (an option to purchase 60,000 shares and 40,000 RSUs), Dr. Anton (an option to purchase

 

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60,000 shares and 40,000 RSUs) and Dr. Sarret (an option to purchase 60,000 shares and 40,000 RSUs). The option grants to each named executive officer had an exercise price of $9.15 per share, which represents the closing price of our stock on the date of grant, and the RSUs were priced at no cost. Pursuant to the terms approved by our compensation committee on the date of grant, these stock options are scheduled to vest such that 1/4th of the shares subject to the option vested on January 26, 2012 and the remainder of the shares will vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option each month thereafter, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company. Additionally, our compensation committee approved RSUs that are scheduled to vest such that 1/4th of the RSUs subject to the award vested on February 10, 2012, and the remainder of the RSUs will vest at a rate of 1/4th of the total RSUs subject to the award on each of the next three anniversaries of such date, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.

Termination-Based Compensation

Our compensation committee provides our executives with termination protection when it determines that such protection is necessary to attract or retain an executive.

We believe that concerns about potential job loss or the possibility or occurrence of a change in control of the company can create uncertainty for our executive officers that may unduly affect their performance. For example, the possibility of a change in control of the company may create uncertainty for executives regarding their continued employment because such transactions frequently result in changes in senior management. As such, we have entered into change in control agreements with Dr. Shaw, Mr. Lawson, Mr. Sheehy and Dr. Sarret, which provide severance payments and benefits in the event the executive is terminated without “cause”, resigns with “good reason”, or terminates for death or “disability” (as such terms are defined in such change in control agreement) within 12 months following or, in certain circumstances, when the executive is terminated without cause or resigns with good reason within a short period prior to a change in control of our company, defined generally as our dissolution or liquidation; a sale of all or substantially all of our assets; a merger, acquisition or consolidation in which the beneficial ownership of our securities representing at least 50% of the combined voting power entitled to vote in the election of our directors has changed; or if current members of our board of directors, or their successors if approved by the vote of at least 50% of the current board, cease to constitute at least 50% of our board of directors, each as further set forth in the individual agreements.

The severance payments and benefits that are payable under the change in control agreements are further described below in the section entitled “— Change in Control Agreements.”

Other Compensation

All of our named executive officers are eligible to participate in certain benefit plans and arrangements offered to employees generally, including health, dental, life and disability insurance and our 401(k) plan. We currently pay 88% of the monthly premium, with respect to coverage for the employee-only portion of coverage for all employees, including our named executive officers, for medical, dental, vision, life and long-term disability insurance. Should medical insurance premium rates increase, employees, including named executive officers, may be required to contribute to the cost of increased premiums to retain coverage. Consistent with our market-competitive compensation philosophy, we intend to continue to maintain these benefit plans and arrangements for our employees, including our named executive officers. Our compensation committee in its discretion may revise, amend or add to any executive’s benefits and perquisites if it deems it advisable. We currently do not believe it is necessary for the attraction or retention of management talent to provide the named executive officers with a substantial amount of compensation in the form of perquisites.

Tax Considerations

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, generally disallows a tax deduction for compensation in excess of $1.0 million paid to certain named executive officers. Qualifying performance-based compensation is not subject to the deduction limitation if specified requirements are met. We

 

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generally intend to structure the performance-based portion of our executive compensation, when feasible, to comply with exemptions in Section 162(m) so that the compensation remains tax deductible to us. However, our board of directors and our compensation committee may, in its judgment, authorize compensation payments that do not comply with the exemptions in Section 162(m) when it believes that such payments are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent.

Code Section 409A imposes additional taxes on certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that do not comply with its requirements. These requirements regulate an individual’s election to defer compensation and the individual’s selection of the timing and form of distribution of the deferred compensation. Code Section 409A generally also provides that distributions of deferred compensation only can be made on or following the occurrence of certain events (e.g., the individual’s separation from service, a predetermined date or fixed schedule, a change-in-control, or the individual’s death or disability). For certain executives, Code Section 409A requires that such individual’s distribution of certain non-qualified deferred compensation amounts commence no earlier than six months after such officer’s separation from service. We have and will continue to endeavor to structure our compensation arrangements to be exempt from or comply with Code Section 409A so as to avoid the adverse tax consequences associated therewith. We have not provided any executives or other employees with any gross-up in connection with Section 409A of the Code.

2011 Summary Compensation Table

The following table summarizes the compensation that we paid to our named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2011. We refer to these officers in this proxy statement as our named executive officers.

 

Name

  Year     Salary
($)
    Bonus
($)
    Stock
Awards
($)(1)
    Option
Awards
($)(1)
    Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)(2)
    All Other
Compensation
($)
    Total
($)
 

Alan Shaw,

President and Chief

Executive Officer(3)

    2011      $ 490,000        —        $ 686,250      $ 638,538      $ 220,500        —        $ 2,035,288   
    2010        460,000        —          —          1,972,075        396,750        —          2,828,825   
    2009        425,000        —          —          1,368,640        312,375        —          2,106,015   

Robert J. Lawson,

Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer(4)

    2011        340,000        —          366,000        306,498        122,400        —          1,134,898   
    2010        330,000        —          —          197,203        227,700        —          757,903   
    2009        55,000        50,000        —          1,602,640        —          —          1,707,640   

Douglas T. Sheehy,

Senior Vice President,

General Counsel and

Secretary

    2011        310,000        —          366,000        306,498        111,600        —          1,094,098   
    2010        300,000        —          —          246,508        207,000        —          753,508   
    2009        272,660        —          —          415,483        126,682        —          814,825   
               

David L. Anton,

Senior Vice President,

Process Development and

Manufacturing

    2011        320,000        —          366,000        306,498        115,200        —          1,107,698   
    2010        290,000        —          —          394,414        186,760        —          871,174   
    2009        260,308        —          —          403,265        137,488        —          801,061   
               

Joseph J. Sarret,

Senior Vice President and

Chief Business Officer

    2011        330,000        —          366,000        306,498        118,800        —          1,121,298   
    2010        320,000        —          —          266,001        220,800        —          806,801   
    2009        275,417        —          —          974,735        156,408        —          1,406,560   

 

(1) The amounts included in the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” columns represent the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.
(2) Amounts reflect bonus payments made pursuant to the Executive Incentive Compensation Plan. Please see the section “— Components of Our Executive Compensation Program — Annual Cash Compensation” above for more information.
(3) In February 2012, Dr. Shaw resigned as our President and Chief Executive Officer and Peter M. Strumph was appointed by our board of directors as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer.
(4) In March 2012, Mr. Lawson resigned as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Brian P. Dowd was appointed by our board of directors as our Interim Chief Financial Officer.

 

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Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2011 Table

All options granted to our named executive officers are nonqualified stock options. The exercise price per share of each option granted to our named executive officers was determined to be equal to at least the fair market value of our common stock by our board of directors on the date of the grant. All options granted in 2011 were issued under our 2010 Stock Plan, as amended.

The following table shows information regarding grants of equity awards during the year ended December 31, 2011 to each of our named executive officers:

 

Name

  Grant
Date(1)
    Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(2)
    All Other
Stock
Awards:
Number of
Shares of
Stock or
Units

(#)
    All Other
Option
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options

(#)
    Exercise
or Base
Price of
Option
Awards

($/Sh)
    Grant
Date Fair
Value of
Stock and
Option
Awards

($)(3)
 
     

 

Threshold

($)

  

  

   
 
Target
($)
 
  
   

 

Maximum

($)

  

  

       

Alan Shaw

    1/26/2011      $ —        $ —        $ —          —          125,000        9.15      $ 5.11   
    1/26/2011        —          —          —          75,000        —          —        $ 9.15   
    —          196,000        245,000        441,000        —          —          —          —     

Robert J. Lawson

    1/26/2011        —          —          —          —          60,000        9.15      $ 5.11   
    1/26/2011        —          —          —          40,000        —          —        $ 9.15   
    —          108,800        136,000        244,800        —          —          —          —     

Douglas T.Sheehy

    1/26/2011        —          —          —          —          60,000        9.15      $ 5.11   
    1/26/2011        —          —          —          40,000        —          —        $ 9.15   
    —          99,200        124,000        223,200        —          —          —          —     

David L. Anton

    1/26/2011        —          —          —          —          60,000        9.15      $ 5.11   
    1/26/2011        —          —          —          40,000        —          —        $ 9.15   
    —          102,400        128,000        230,400        —          —          —          —     

Joseph J. Sarret

    1/26/2011        —          —          —          —          60,000        9.15      $ 5.11   
    1/26/2011        —          —          —          40,000        —          —        $ 9.15   
    —          105,600        132,000        237,600        —          —          —          —     

 

(1) The options granted as reported in the “All Other Option Awards” column vested as to 1/4th of the shares subject to the option on January 26, 2012 and the remainder of the shares vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option each month thereafter, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company. The RSUs granted as reported in the “All Other Stock Awards column” vest such that 1/4th of the RSUs subject to the award vested on February 10, 2012, and the remainder of the RSUs will vest at a rate of 1/4th of the total RSUs subject to the award on each of the next three anniversaries of such date, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.
(2) Amounts in the “Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column relate to amounts payable under our 2011 Executive Incentive Compensation Plan. The threshold column assumes the achievement of either the corporate or individual goals at the threshold level. The maximum column assumes the maximum achievement for both corporate and individual goals. Actual amounts paid to our named executive officers are set forth in the section titled “— 2011 Summary Compensation Table.”
(3) The amount set forth in the “Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards” column represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

 

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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2011 Fiscal Year-End Table

The following table shows grants of stock options and RSUs outstanding on December 31, 2011, the last day of our fiscal year, to each of our named executive officers:

 

        Option Awards     Stock Awards  

Name

  Vesting
Commencement
Date
  Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)

Exercisable(1)
    Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)

Unexercisable(1)
    Option
Exercise
Price
($)
    Option
Expiration
Date
    Number of
Shares or
Units of
Stock
That Have
Not
Vested

(#)(2)
    Market
Value of
Shares or
Units of
Stock
That
Have Not
Vested

($)(3)
 

Alan Shaw

  5/16/2003(4)     43,334        —        $ 0.60        5/16/2013        —        $ —     
  7/15/2003(5)     33,333        —          0.60        7/15/2013        —          —     
  1/1/2004     93,333        —          0.60        12/11/2013        —          —     
  1/1/2005     53,333        —          0.90        1/5/2015        —          —     
  1/1/2005(6)     13,333        —          0.90        1/5/2015        —          —     
  10/18/2005     33,332        —          1.05        10/18/2015        —          —     
  1/1/2006(6)     46,666        —          1.05        12/13/2015        —          —     
  8/23/2006     144,749        —          2.45        1/26/2017        —          —     
  12/31/2006     144,749        —          2.45        1/26/2017        —          —     
  8/28/2007     225,000        —          6.71        8/28/2017        —          —     
  10/25/2007     116,000        —          6.86        10/25/2017        —          —     
  1/1/2009(7)     122,225        144,441        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  1/1/2010(8)     127,778        138,888        10.92        2/11/2020        —          —     
  1/26/2011     —          125,000        9.15        1/26/2021        —          —     
  2/10/2011     —          —          —          —          75,000        397,500   

Robert J. Lawson

  11/2/2009     138,890        127,776        9.09        11/9/2019        —          —     
  1/1/2010(8)     12,778        13,888        10.92        2/11/2020        —          —     
  1/26/2011     —          60,000        9.15        1/26/2021        —          —     
  2/10/2011     —          —          —          —          40,000        212,000   

Douglas T. Sheehy

  4/2/2007     99,999        —          2.45        4/19/2017        —          —     
  8/28/2007     21,999        —          6.71        8/28/2017        —          —     
  10/25/2007     37,332        —          6.86        10/25/2017        —          —     
  1/1/2009(7)     15,279        18,054        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  11/9/2009     21,181        19,485        9.09        11/9/2019        —          —     
  1/1/2010(8)     15,972        17,361        10.92        2/11/2020        —          —     
  1/26/2011     —          60,000        9.15        1/26/2021        —          —     
  2/10/2011     —          —          —          —          40,000        212,000   

David L. Anton

  3/24/2008     93,750        6,249        11.85        5/22/2018        —          —     
  1/1/2009(7)     16,043        7,289        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  3/1/2009     10,694        11,666        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  5/12/2009     21,527        8,333        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  1/1/2010(8)     25,555        27,778        10.92        2/11/2020        —          —     
  1/26/2011     —          60,000        9.15        1/26/2021        —          —     
  2/10/2011     —          —          —          —          40,000        212,000   

Joseph J. Sarret

  8/1/2005     36,666        —          1.05        8/11/2015        —          —     
  1/26/2007     53,333        —          2.45        1/26/2017        —          —     
  8/28/2007     19,666        —          6.71        8/28/2017        —          —     
  10/25/2007     39,999        —          6.86        10/25/2017        —          —     
  1/1/2009(7)     6,112        7,221        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  3/1/2009     25,438        11,561        7.46        6/2/2019        —          —     
  10/16/2009     65,000        55,000        9.09        11/9/2019        —          —     
  1/1/2010(8)     15,972        17,361        11.87        3/11/2020        —          —     
  1/26/2011     —          60,000        9.15        1/26/2021        —          —     
  2/10/2011     —          —          —          —          40,000        212,000   

 

(1) Unless otherwise noted, each option vests as to 1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option shall vest monthly thereafter until all shares are vested, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.

 

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(2) Unless otherwise indicated, restricted stock units granted to the named executive officers vest at a rate of 1/4th per year on each of the first through fourth anniversaries of the vesting commencement date, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.
(3) Amounts are calculated by multiplying the number of shares shown in the table by $5.30 per share, which is the closing price of common stock on December 30, 2011 (the last trading day of the 2011 fiscal year).
(4) These options vested as to 1/4th of the total number of shares subject to the option on the six month anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and 1/48th of the total number of shares subject to the option shall vest monthly thereafter, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.
(5) These options vested as to 100% of the total number of shares subject to the option on the fifth anniversary of the vesting commencement date subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.
(6) These options were fully vested on the date of grant.
(7) These options vest according to the following schedule: no shares vest until the 24th month following the vesting commencement date, after which 1/24th of the number of shares subject to the grant vest each month subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.
(8) Prior to the completion of our IPO, these stock options were scheduled to vest and become exercisable with respect to 100% of the shares subject thereto on January 1, 2015; however, upon consummation of our IPO, the vesting schedule reverted to our standard vesting schedule, such that 1/4th of the shares subject to the option vested on January 1, 2011 and the remainder of the shares will vest at a rate of 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option each month thereafter, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to our company.

Option Exercises and Stock Vested in 2011

The table below sets forth information regarding stock option exercises completed by our named executive officers during 2011. None of our named executive officers held vested stock awards as of December 31, 2011.

 

     Option Awards  

Name

   Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Exercise

(#)
     Value
Realized  on
Exercise

($)
 

Alan Shaw

     240,000       $ 2,250,010   

Pension Benefits

We do not maintain any defined benefit pension plans.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

We do not maintain any nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

Change in Control Agreements

During 2011, we were party to change in control agreements with Dr. Shaw, Mr. Lawson, Mr. Sheehy and Dr. Sarret. Our named executive officers are not eligible for any other severance or change in control benefits. The change in control agreements provide that in the event the executive is terminated without “cause” or resigns for “good reason”, each as defined in the agreements, within 12 months following the change in control of our company, the terminated executive is entitled, subject to our receipt of an executed and irrevocable release of claims from such executive, to the following payments and benefits:

 

Base salary, payable in a cash lump sum

     12 months   

Equity award vesting acceleration

     100%   

Continued healthcare coverage premiums(1)

     12 months   

 

(1) If an executive elects to receive continued healthcare coverage pursuant to the provisions of COBRA, the executive will be eligible for reimbursement or direct payment of COBRA coverage premiums for the executive and any dependents. If the executive and/or the executive’s dependents become eligible for healthcare coverage under a subsequent employer’s plans, payment of coverage premiums will cease.

 

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Subject to our receipt of an executed and irrevocable release of claims by the executive, each of Dr. Shaw, Mr. Lawson, Mr. Sheehy and Dr. Sarret is entitled to the above described severance benefits and payments if such executive’s employment is terminated prior to a change control without cause at the direction of a person who has entered into an agreement with the company the consummation of which will constitute a change in control or if such executive terminates his employment with good reason prior to a change in control if the circumstances or events that constitute good reason occurs at the direction of such person because, pursuant to the change in control agreements, their employment will be deemed to have been terminated following a change in control by the company without cause or by the executive with good reason.

The change in control agreements provide that in the event the executive is terminated as a result of death or “disability” (as such term is defined within the agreements) within 12 months following the change in control of our company, the terminated executive is entitled, subject to our receipt of an executed and irrevocable release of claims by such executive, to the following payments and benefits: (i) the vesting of each of the executive’s equity awards shall accelerate such that vesting (or, as applicable, the corresponding repurchase right lapsing) shall occur as if the vesting (or lapsing) had occurred on a monthly basis from the last date of vesting (or lapse) to the date of termination and (ii) the continued healthcare coverage premiums as provided above.

The following table sets forth quantitative estimates of the benefits that would have accrued to each of our named executive officers, other than Dr. Anton, if his employment had been terminated on December 31, 2011 by us without cause or for good reason by the named executive officer upon a change in control. Amounts below reflect potential payments pursuant to the change in control agreements for such named executive officers. Dr. Anton was not a party to a change in control agreement in 2011.

 

Name

   Salary
Continuation
     Value of
Accelerated Equity
Awards(1)
     Value of Continued
Healthcare Coverage
     Total  

Alan Shaw

   $ 490,000       $ 397,500       $ 26,087       $ 913,587   

Robert J. Lawson

     340,000         212,000         26,087         578,087   

Douglas T. Sheehy

     310,000         212,000         26,087         548,087   

Joseph J. Sarret

     330,000         212,000         14,098         556,098   

 

(1) Amounts calculated based on the aggregate amount by which $5.30, the closing trading price of our common stock as of December 30, 2011 (the last trading day of fiscal year 2011), exceeded the aggregate exercise price, if any, of the unvested equity awards as of December 31, 2011.

On February 17, 2012, Alan Shaw resigned as our President and Chief Executive Officer. At the time of Dr. Shaw’s resignation, we entered into a transition and separation agreement with Dr. Shaw which provided for a $505,000 severance payment, payable to Dr. Shaw semi-monthly over a twelve-month period beginning in August 2012. The transition and separation agreement also provided that Codexis would provide Dr. Shaw and his covered dependants, at Dr. Shaw’s election, with continued healthcare coverage for a twelve-month period beginning in August 2012, subject to Dr. Shaw becoming eligible for comparable coverage under another employer’s healthcare plan. Additionally, Dr. Shaw’s options to purchase shares of our common stock and RSUs pursuant to the terms of our equity incentive plans shall continue to vest and become exercisable in accordance with their original vesting schedules for the six-month period beginning February 2012 and ending August 2012, subject to Dr. Shaw performing consulting services for Codexis and our board of directors. In the event Dr. Shaw ceases to provide these transition services, his unvested equity awards shall be forfeited as of the date of such complete cessation of services. Pursuant to the terms of the transition and separation agreement, Dr. Shaw has agreed to provide consulting services to Codexis and our board of directors through August 17, 2012. Each of Dr. Shaw’s equity awards that is not vested as of the end of this consulting period, or such earlier date that Dr. Shaw elects to end his consultancy, shall terminate for no consideration and be of no further effect. Furthermore, pursuant to the terms of the transition and separation agreement, Dr. Shaw has elected to extend the exercise period for each of his vested options as of the end of his consultancy until the earlier of (i) March 31, 2013, (ii) the original expiration date of such option or (iii) the closing of a change in control of Codexis.

 

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides certain information as of December 31, 2011, with respect to all of our equity compensation plans in effect on that date.

 

      Number of securities  to
be issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(a)
    Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(b)
     Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))
(c)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)(2)

     8,406,509        $ 7.39         1,507,299   

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

      43,332(3)        .75         0   

Total

   8,449,841           7.35         1,507,299   

 

(1) Includes the 2002 Stock Plan and the 2010 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “2010 Plan”).
(2) The 2010 Plan contains an “evergreen” provision pursuant to which the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2010 Plan shall be increased on the first day of each year beginning in 2011 and ending in 2020, equal to the least of (A) 3,000,000 shares, (B) four percent (4%) of the shares of stock outstanding (on an as converted basis) on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (C) such smaller number of shares of stock as determined by our board of directors; provided, however, no more than 40,434,717 shares of stock may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options.
(3) Includes options issued to Latham & Watkins LLP in consideration of services provided to Codexis as follows: (A) options issued in December 2003 to acquire 21,666 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.60 per share and (B) options issued in January 2005 to acquire 21,666 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.90 per share. All such options have fully vested and terminate in December 2013 and January 2015, respectively.

Compensation Committee Report

The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Codexis under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The compensation committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management. Based on the review and discussions, the compensation committee recommended to the board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement for the Annual Meeting and incorporated by reference in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

Submitted by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors:

Byron L. Dorgan (chair)

Thomas R. Baruch

Bernard J. Kelley

 

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AUDIT MATTERS

Audit Committee Report

The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Codexis under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The following is the report of the Audit Committee with respect to Codexis’ audited consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011 and the notes thereto.

Responsibilities. The audit committee operates under a written charter adopted by the board of directors. The role of the audit committee is to oversee our financial reporting process on behalf of the board of directors. Our management has the primary responsibility for our financial statements as well as our financial reporting process and principles, internal controls and disclosure controls. The independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young, are responsible for performing an audit of our financial statements and expressing an opinion as to the conformity of such financial statements with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Ernst & Young is also responsible for expressing an opinion on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting and also the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

Review with Management. The audit committee has reviewed and discussed our audited financial statements (including the quality of our accounting principles) with management. Our management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of our financial statements. Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) and for evaluating the effectiveness of those internal controls and for evaluating any changes in those controls that will, or is reasonably likely to, affect internal controls over financial reporting. Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) and for evaluating the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures.

Review and Discussions with Independent Accountants. The audit committee has reviewed and discussed our audited financial statements (including the quality of Codexis’ accounting principles) with Ernst & Young. The audit committee has discussed with Ernst & Young the matters required to be discussed by Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61, as amended (AICPA, Professional Standards, Vol. 1. AU section 380), as adopted by the Public Company Accounting and Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) in Rule 3200T, which includes, among other items, matters related to the conduct of the audit of our financial statements, and the matters required to be discussed by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 2, An Audit of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Performed in Conjunction with an Audit of Financial Statements. Further, the audit committee reviewed Ernst & Young’s Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K related to its audit of the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules.

The audit committee has also received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from Ernst & Young required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Ernst & Young’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with Ernst & Young its independence from us.

Conclusion. Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the audit committee recommended to the board of directors that our audited financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

Submitted by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors:

Dennis P. Wolf (chair)

Thomas R. Baruch

Bernard J. Kelley

Byron L. Dorgan

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

We describe below transactions, since January 1, 2011, to which we were a party or will be a party, in which:

 

   

The amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000; and

 

   

A director, executive officer, holder of more than 5% of our common stock or any member of their immediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Since November 2007, we have been party to an amended and restated collaborative research agreement with Shell, an indirect owner of Raízen, which holds approximately 15.43% of our common stock as of April 16, 2012. Under this agreement, as amended, we agreed to use our proprietary technology platform to discover and develop biocatalysts for use in converting cellulosic biomass into biofuels and related products. In March 2009, we agreed to devote to this research and development collaboration 128 FTEs, which required to be funded by Shell. There are currently 116 FTEs working on this project. The annual base rates per FTE are subject to annual adjustments based on changes in the consumer price index for the United States and Hungary for each year of the collaboration. The current annual base rates for these FTEs are $459,667 for FTEs located in the United States, and $399,006 for FTEs located in Hungary. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, Shell paid us an aggregate $61,024,475 pursuant to the terms of this agreement. For more information on this agreement, please refer to the “Shell and Other Biofuel Partners” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and Note 3 to our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

Since 2007, we have been party to an amended and restated license agreement with Shell. Under this agreement, we granted to Shell, a worldwide, exclusive, royalty-bearing license, including the right to grant sublicenses, to manufacture, have manufactured, use, sell, offer for sale and import any product covered by our patents or which utilizes our technology for use in the field of converting cellulosic biomass into biofuels and related products. We additionally granted Shell royalty-free licenses which allow Shell to manufacture or have manufactured biocatalysts developed under the research agreement solely for the purposes of using such biocatalysts in the manufacture of products for use in the field of converting cellulosic biomass into biofuels and related products, such licenses to be used only in accordance with the royalty-bearing license described above. For more information on this agreement, please refer to the “Shell and Other Biofuel Partners” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and Note 3 to our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

Since July 2009, we have also been party to a Collaborative Research and License Agreement with Shell and Iogen Energy Corporation. Under this agreement, we agreed to collaborate with Iogen and Shell to develop technology relating to the conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol and to implement this technology at commercial scale. For more information on this agreement, please refer to the “Shell and Other Biofuel Partners” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and Note 3 to our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.

In September 2009, we were awarded a grant by the Economic Development Board of Singapore, or the EDB, to partially support activities in our Singapore facility focusing on pharmaceuticals research and development. Under the terms and conditions of the EDB grant, we must satisfy certain minimum diligence obligations on an annual basis in order to receive disbursements from the EDB. In August 2011, we entered into an amendment to the grant which, among other things, permits the scope of the research activities that qualify for reimbursement under the grant to include chemical and water industry projects, extends the term of the grant by one year, to March 31, 2013, and confirms the list of expenses that qualify for reimbursement under the grant. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, EDB paid us an aggregate $1,293,567 under the terms of the grant. EDB has a wholly-owned subsidiary, BMSIF, which beneficially owns approximately 8.75% of our common stock as of April 16, 2012.

 

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Since September 2007, we have been party to a license agreement with Exela PharmSci, Inc. (“Exela”). Under the license agreement, as amended, we and Exela cross-licensed certain technology relating to the manufacture of argatroban, an API, in exchange for rights to certain sublicensing fees or development payments and profit sharing. Exela has paid us an aggregate $600,000 under this Agreement through April 2012. We may still receive an aggregate of $450,000 as a pro rated portion of milestone payments that Exela receives from sublicensing the technology and 60% of all profits that Exela earns from selling the technology, less our portion of any prosecution, filing and maintenance costs associated with the technology. CMEA Ventures, which owns approximately 8.35% of our common stock as of April 16, 2012, owns over 10% of Exela’s outstanding capital stock. Thomas R. Baruch, one of our directors, also serves on the board of directors of Exela.

In December 2009, we entered into a consulting agreement with Alexander A. Karsner, one of our directors. Under the consulting agreement, Mr. Karsner agreed to provide certain strategic advisory services related to the energy industry and government relations, as requested by us from time to time, in exchange for cash compensation of $120,000 per year, payable on a quarterly basis. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, we also granted Mr. Karsner an option to purchase 66,666 shares of our common stock pursuant to our 2002 Stock Plan, which vests monthly as to 1/48th of the total shares subject to the option, provided that Mr. Karsner continues to provide services to us under the consulting agreement. The consulting agreement has a term of four years, but is terminable at any time by either party.

In addition to the indemnification required in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors, executive officers, and certain employees. These agreements provide for the indemnification of our directors, officers, and certain employees for all reasonable expenses and liabilities incurred in connection with any action or proceeding brought against them by reason of the fact that they are or were our agents. This description of the indemnification provisions of our indemnification agreements is qualified in its entirety by reference to these documents, each of which is attached as an exhibit to our most recent registration statement.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Our board of directors has adopted a written related party transaction policy. This policy covers, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which we were or are to be a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and a related party had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. Under the policy, the audit committee is required to review the relevant facts and circumstances of any such transaction, arrangement or relationship, including whether the transaction is on comparable terms to arm’s length dealings with third parties, the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction, and the conflicts of interest and corporate opportunity provisions of the Codexis Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Such transactions, arrangements or relationships may only be consummated or continue if the audit committee approves or ratifies such transaction, arrangement or relationship. If advance approval by the audit committee is not feasible, then management may preliminarily enter into the transaction, arrangement or relationship upon prior approval by the chairman of the audit committee, subject to ratification of the transaction, arrangement or relationship at the audit committee’s next regularly scheduled meeting.

OTHER MATTERS

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of our Company. Based solely on a review of copies of such forms received with respect to fiscal year 2011 and the written representations received from certain reporting persons that no other reports were required, we believe that all

 

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directors, executive officers and persons who own more that 10% of our common stock have complied with the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) other than as follows: Thomas R. Baruch, a director, filed a Form 4 reporting one transaction late; Dennis Wolf, a director, filed a Form 4 reporting one transaction late; Alexander Karsner, a director, filed a Form 4 reporting one transaction late; and Bernard J. Kelley, a director, filed a Form 4 reporting one transaction late.

Stockholder Proposals and Nominations

Proposals Pursuant to Rule 14a-8. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, stockholders may present proper proposals for inclusion in the proxy statement and for consideration at our next annual meeting of stockholders. To be eligible for inclusion in our proxy statement for the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders, your proposal must be received by us no later than January 4, 2013, and must otherwise comply with Rule 14a-8. While our board will consider stockholder proposals, we reserve the right to omit from the proxy statement stockholder proposals that we are not required to include under the Exchange Act, including Rule 14a-8.

Proposals and Nominations Pursuant to Our Bylaws. Under our bylaws, in order to nominate a director or bring any other business before the stockholders at the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders that will be included in our proxy statement, you must notify us in writing and such notice must be received by us no earlier than February 6, 2013 and no later than March 8, 2013. For proposals not made in accordance with Rule 14a-8, you must comply with specific procedures set forth in our bylaws and the nomination or proposal must contain the specific information required by our bylaws. You may write to our Secretary at our principal executive offices at 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, to deliver the notices discussed above and to request a copy of the relevant bylaw provisions regarding the requirements for making stockholder proposals and nominating director candidates pursuant to the bylaws.

Householding of Proxy Materials

The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (such as banks and brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for proxy statements and annual reports with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single proxy statement addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.

At the present time, Codexis does not “household” for any of our stockholders of record. However, if you hold shares of common stock in street name, your bank, broker or other nominee may be householding our proxy materials this year. Once you have received notice from your bank, broker or other nominee that it will be householding communications to your address, householding will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. A single proxy statement will be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. If you only received a single set of proxy materials and would like to receive a separate set of materials, direct your written request to Wells Fargo Shareowner Services, at 161 North Concord Exchange, South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075-1139, or by telephone at (800) 468-9716 and an additional set of materials will promptly be delivered to you. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in householding and would prefer to receive a separate proxy statement and annual report in the future, please notify your bank, broker or other nominee. Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of the proxy statement at their address and would like to request householding of their communications in the future should contact their bank or broker.

 

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Incorporation by Reference

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of our previous filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which might incorporate future filings made by us under those statutes, neither the preceding Compensation Committee Report nor the Audit Committee Report will be incorporated by reference into any of those prior filings, nor will any such report be incorporated by reference into any future filings made by us under those statutes. In addition, information on our website, other than our proxy statement, notice and form of proxy, is not part of the proxy soliciting material and is not incorporated herein by reference.

 

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

LOGO

Douglas T. Sheehy

Senior Vice President, General Counsel

and Secretary

 

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CODEXIS, INC.

ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

Wednesday, June 6, 2012

3:00 p.m. (California time)

The Executive Offices of Codexis, Inc.

101 Saginaw Drive

Redwood City, California 94063

 

LOGO

 

Codexis, Inc.

200 Penobscot Drive

Redwood City, California 94063

  proxy

This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors of Codexis, Inc. for use at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Codexis, Inc. to be held on Wednesday, June 6, 2012 at 3:00 p.m., California time, at our executive offices at 101 Saginaw Drive, Redwood City, California 94063 (“Annual Meeting”).

By signing the proxy, you revoke all prior proxies and appoint Peter M. Strumph, Brian P. Dowd and Douglas T. Sheehy and each of them, with full power of substitution, to vote your shares on the matters shown on the reverse side and any other matters that may properly come before the Annual Meeting and all adjournments. This proxy will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware and applicable federal securities laws.

This proxy when properly executed will be voted as you specify on the reverse side. If no choice is specified, the proxy will be voted ‘‘FOR’’ the nominee for director named in Item 1, “FOR” the ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for Codexis for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012 under Item 2 and with discretionary authority with respect to such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

See reverse for voting instructions.

 

LOGO

   
 

Wells Fargo Shareowner ServicesSM

161 North Concord Exchange

St. Paul, MN 55075-1139

 

COMPANY #

Vote by Internet, Telephone or Mail

24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week

Your phone or Internet vote authorizes the named proxies to vote your shares in the same manner as if you marked, signed and returned your proxy card.

 

LOGO     

INTERNET – www.eproxy.com/cdxs

  

Use the Internet to vote your proxy until 11:59 p.m. (New York time) on June 5, 2012.


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LOGO      PHONE – 1-800-560-1965
   Use a touch-tone telephone to vote your proxy until 11:59 p.m. (New York time) on June 5, 2012.

 

LOGO  
   MAIL – Mark, sign and date your proxy card
   and return it in the postage-paid envelope provided.

If you vote your proxy by Internet or by Telephone, you do NOT need to mail back your Proxy Card

TO VOTE BY MAIL AS THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS ON ALL ITEMS BELOW,

SIMPLY SIGN, DATE, AND RETURN THIS PROXY CARD.

- - - - - - - Please detach here - - - - - - -

The Board of Directors Recommends a Vote “FOR” the nominee for director named in Item 1 and “FOR” the proposal under Item 2.

 

1.     Election of Director:

        
        
   FOR    WITHHOLD   

01 Bernard J. Kelley

   ¨    ¨   
        

 

     FOR    AGAINST    ABSTAIN

2.      Ratification of the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of Codexis for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012.

   ¨    ¨    ¨

THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED AS DIRECTED OR, IF NO DIRECTION IS GIVEN, WILL BE VOTED “FOR ” THE DIRECTOR NOMINEE AND “ FOR ” THE PROPOSAL UNDER ITEM 2.

Address Change? Mark Box:   ¨   Indicate changes below

 

   Date                                                                                              
     
       
       
       
     
     
  

Signature(s) in Box

Please sign exactly as your name(s) appears on Proxy. If held in joint tenancy, all persons should sign. Trustees, administrators, etc., should include title and authority. Corporations should provide full name of corporation and title of authorized officer signing the proxy.